بررسی شیوع نقطه‌ای و دوره‌ای اختلالات عضلانی-اسکلتی در کارگران صنایع فولادسازی

نویسندگان

گروه آمار زیستی، دانشکده علوم پزشکی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه و هدف: اختلالات اسکلتی-عضلانی یکی از مهمترین شاخص­های سلامت فردی در سازمان­های مختلف به خصوص صنایع سنگین به شمار می­ آید. لذا این مطالعه با هدف اصلی بررسی شیوع نقطه­ ای و دوره­ای اختلالات اسکلتی-عضلانی در بین کارگران صنایع فولادسازی انجام شد.
 
مواد و روش­ها: مطالعه حاضر از نوع مطالعات مقطعی بوده که از اردیبهشت 1394 تا خرداد 1395 در کارخانه فولاد مبارکه اصفهان و با استفاده از روش نمونه­ گیری طبقه­ ای متناسب انجام شده ­است. از پرسشنامه نوردیک برای تعیین سطوح ریسک اختلالات استفاده شده است. در این پرسشنامه سابقه داشتن/ نداشتن اختلالات در نواحی نه­ گانه بدن، در دو زمان 7 روز اخیر و 12 ماه اخیر به ترتیب به عنوان شیوع نقطه ­ای و شیوع دوره­ای مورد ارزیابی قرار می­گیرند. به منظور تحلیل داده­ها از نرم‌افزار SPPS نسخه 25،  R نسخه 4/4/3 و آزمون آماری کای دو استفاده شده ­است.
 
نتایج: بیشترین شیوع نقطه ­ای اختلالات اسکلتی-عضلانی در کمر، زانو، دست/ مچ و گردن به ترتیب با درصد­های 20/30، 40/25، 70/23 و 70/ 20 بود که این ترتیب برای شیوع دوره­ای به صورت کمر، گردن، زانو و دست/ مچ به ترتیب با درصد­های 70/49، 50/35، 20/33 و 90/24 گزارش شد. همچنین شانس شیوع دوره­ای اختلالات گردنی بیشتر متأثر از شیوع نقطه ­ای اختلالات شانه/بازو و گردن و شیوع دوره‌ای اختلالات پا/ قوزک بیشتر متأثر از شیوع نقطه­ ای اختلالات دست/ مچ، زانو و کمر  گزارش شد.
 
نتیجه ­گیری: با توجه به ارتباط به دست آمده بین شیوع نقطه ­ای و دوره­ای اختلالات اسکلتی-عضلانی در این مطالعه می­توان شیوع نقطه­ ای اختلالات اسکلتی-عضلانی را به عنوان یک پیشگویی‌کننده محکم برای شیوع دوره­ای اختلالات اسکلتی-عضلانی پیشنهاد نمود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Study of the point and period prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the steel industry workers

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ahmad Vakili-Basir
  • Mohammad Gholami-Fesharaki
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most important indicators of individual health in different organizations, especially heavy industries. Therefore, this study was conducted with the main purpose of determining the point and period prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among the workers of the steel industry.
 
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from April 2015 to May 2016 in Esfahan’s Steel Company (Mobarakeh) hiring a proportional stratified random sampling method. In order to measure the range of musculoskeletal disorders, Nordic’s questioner was used in which the history of having / not having disorders related to the nine-parts of the body has been evaluated in two tracks of time including the last 7 days and 12 months, respectively, as point prevalence and period prevalence. Data were analyzed using SPPS 25, R 3.4.4 and Chi-square test.
 
Results: The highest point prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the waist, knee, hand/ wrist and neck were 30.20%, 25.45%, 23.77%, and 20.70%, respectively, and also this order for period prevalence considering waist, neck, knee and hand/ wrists was reported as 49.70%, 35.50%, 20.33% and 24.90, respectively. Also, the period prevalence of cervical disorders was more affected by the point prevalence of shoulder/arm and neck disorders, and the period prevalence of leg/ankle disorders was influenced more by the point prevalence of hand/wrist, knee and waist disorders.
 
Conclusion: Throughout this study, considering the relationship between the point and the period prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, we can suggest the point prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders as a predictive tool for the period prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Musculoskeletal disorders
  • Nordic questionnaire
  • Steel industries
1. Habibi E, Haghshenas B, Zare M, Khakkar S. Risk of musculoskeletal disorders in a manufacturing company using NERPA and QEC methods. Journal of Preventive Medicine 2017;3 (4):75-67. 2. Haukka E, Leino-Arjas P, Solovieva S, Ranta R, Viikari-Juntura E, Riihimäki H. Co-occurrence of musculoskeletal pain among female kitchen workers. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 2006;80 (2):141-8. 3. Zakerian S, Subramaniam I. Examining the relationship between psychosocial work factors and musculoskeletal discomfort among computer users in Malaysia. Iranian Journal of Public Health 2011;40 (1):72. 4. Gardfaramarzi R, Dehghani Y, Naeini H, Falahati M, Zokaei M. Body posture assessment welders posture assessment methods OWAS. Journal Occupational Medicine Special 2011;3 (1):4-9. 5. Abdollah Gholami, Ahmadreza Soltanzadeh, Roghayeh Abedini, Sahranavard M. Ergonomic Assessment of Musculoskeletal Disorders Risk by Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) Technique in a PorcelainManufacturing Factory. Journal of Research & Health 2014; (1):608-12. 6. Zahra zamanian, hadi daneshmandi, Hojjatolah Setoodeh, Ebrahim Nazaripoor, Abdollah Haghayegh, Sarvestani SS. Risk Assessment of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Determination of the Associated Factors among Workers of a Dairy Products Factory. Journal of Health Sciences and Surveillance System 2014;2(4). 7. Sim J, Lacey RJ, Lewis M. The impact of workplace risk factors on the occurrence of neck and upper limb pain: a general population study. BMC Public Health 2006;6 (1):234. 8. Mostaghasi M, Davari M, Mollaei F, Salehi M, A M. The frequency of musculoskeletal disorders and to assess posture while working as RULA in auto parts manufacturing industry workers. Journal Occupational Medicine Special 2011;3 (5):26-32. 9. Malakoutikhah M, Karim A, Hosseini M, Rastgarkhaled A. Survey of the Relationship between Musculoskeletal Disorders and Work-Family Conflict in One of the Country's Steel Industry. Definitive International Institute of Life Science 2017. 10. Stanton NA, Hedge A, Brookhuis K, Salas E, Hendrick HW. Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics Methods 2004: Chemical Rubber Company (CRC) press. 11. Kuorinka I, Jonsson B, Kilbom A, Vinterberg H, Biering-Sorensen F, Andersson G, et al. Standardised Nordic questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms. Applied Ergonomics 1987;18 (3):233-7. 12. Jamshidi HR, Daneshmandi H, Haghayegh A. Survey Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Risk Assessment in Paddy Workers in Marvdasht in 2013 Journal Of Neyshabur University Of Medical Sciences 2015;3 (1):57-65. 13. Crawford JO. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Occupational medicine 2007;57 (4):300-1. 14. Dickinson C, Campion K, Foster A, Newman S, O'rourke A, Thomas P. Questionnaire development: an examination of the Nordic Musculoskeletal questionnaire. Applied Ergonomics 1992;23 (3):197-201. 15. Habibi E, Fereidan M, Pourabdian S. Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and associated lost work days in steel making industry. Iranian Journal of Public Health 2008;37 (1):83-91. 16. Namnik N, Negahban H, Salehi R, Shafizadeh R, Tabib MS. Validity and reliability of Persian version of the Specific Nordic questionnaire in Iranian industrial workers. Work 2016;54 (1):35-41. 17. Askaripoor T, Kermani A, Jandaghi J, Farivar F. Survey of musculoskeletal disorders and ergonomic risk factors among dentists and providing control measures in Semnan. Journal of health 2013;4 (3):241-8. 18. Nasl Saraji J, Hosseini M, Shahtaheri S, Golbabaei F, Ghasemkhani M. Evaluation of ergonomic postures of dental professions by Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), in Birjand, Iran. Journal of Dental Medicine 2005;18 (1):61-7. 19. Etemadinezhad S, YazdaniCharati J, KhoshandamSarvinebaghi F. Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Suburban Drivers in Mazandaran Province, Iran. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences 2018;27 (157):105-17. 20. Esfandiari N, Samaei SE, Amrollahi M. The Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Ergonomic Risk Factors in Repair men: a Case Study in a Steel Industry. Journal of Health Development 2018;7 (1):49-59. 21. Ataei SS, Heydari P, Varmazyar S. Investigation of Correlation of Musculoskeletal Disorders With Work Ability Index and Allowable Load Lifting Limit. Journal of Ergonomics 2017;4 (4):14-23. 22. Razavi S, Fallahi M, HEKMAT SR, Akaberi A. Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders and It's Risk Factors Among, Mothers ‘home Working. Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences 2013;19 (4):390-4. 23. Bolghanabadi S, Pour M. The relationship between musculoskeletal disorders, stress and fatigue in the food industry employees. Journal of Ergonomics 2014;2 (1):54-63. 24. Ziaei M, Izadpanah S, Sharafi K, Barzegar SA, Izadi LM. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Inside and Outside-City Taxi Drivers, Andisheh City, 2011. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences 2014;21 (118). 25. Darvishi E, Mahdavi N, Giahi O. Comparative Evaluation of Manual Material Handling Using of Snook Tables and NIOSH equation Methods in Stone cutting workshops Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering 2018;5 (1):25-34. 26. Hajaghazadeh M, Nasl saraji J, Hosseini M, Adl J. Ergonomic assessment of musculoskeletal disorder risk factors in construction workers by PATH method Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research 2008;6 (1):37-45.