تأثیر یک دوره تمرین تناوبی با شدت بالا همراه با رژیم غذایی پرچرب بر بیان ماکروفاژهای M1و M2 در عضله گاستروکنمیوس موش های بزرگ نر نژاد ویستار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی و تندرستی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه و هدف: فعالیت ورزشی در جنبه‌های مختلفی مانند سیستم عضلانی بررسی می‌شود. این پژوهش به بررسی تأثیر یک دوره تمرین تناوبی شدت بالا همراه با رژیم غذایی پرچرب بر بیان ماکروفاژهای M1 و M2 در عضله گاستروکنمیوس رت‌های نر نژاد ویستار می‌پردازد.
مواد و روش ها: تعداد ٢٤ سررت نر بالغ سالم نژاد ویستار با میانگین وزن 15±195 گرم و سن 6 هفته به‌طور تصادفی به ٤ گروه کنترل، تمرین تناوبی با شدت بالا، تغذیه پرچرب و تمرین تناوب با شدت بالا با تغذیه پرچرب تقسیم شدند. مداخلات، شامل 10 هفته تمرینات تناوبی با شدت بالا و تغذیه پرچرب بود. سپس، نمونه‌برداری از عضله گاستروکنمیوس انجام شد. مقادیر ماکروفاژهای M1 و M2 با استفاده از روش Real-Time-PCR اندازه‌گیری شد. تجزیه تحلیل داده­ با استفاده از تحلیل واریانس یک­طرفه در سطح معنی­داری) 05/0P<) انجام شد.
اختلاف معنی‌داری بین گروه‌ها در بیان ماکروفاژهای M1  (0004/0P=) و M2 (0023/0P=) مشاهده شد. بیان ماکروفاژ M1 در گروه تغذیه پرچرب نسبت به گروه تمرین تناوبی با شدت بالا به‌طور معنی‌داری بالاتر (0001/0=P) بود. بیان ماکروفاژ M1 در گروه تمرین تناوبی با شدت بالا با تغذیه پرچرب نسبت به گروه تغذیه پرچرب به طورمعنی­داری کمتربود (0001/0P=)، اما بیان ماکروفاژ M2 درگروه تمرین تناوبی با شدت بالا با تغذیه پرچرب نسبت به گروه تغذیه پرچرب به طورمعنی­داری بالاتر (0003/0=P) بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج به نظر می‌رسد تمرینات تناوبی با شدت بالا می‌تواند بیان ماکروفاژهای M1 را کاهش و ماکروفاژهای M2 را افزایش دهد و از اثرات منفی تغذیه پرچرب جلوگیری کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of high-intensity interval training with a high-fat diet on the expression of m1 and m2 macrophages in the gastrocnemius muscle of male wistar rats

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alireza Fatahian 1
  • Mohammadreza Kordi 1
  • Ali Asghar Ravasi 1
  • reza Gharakhanlou 2
1 Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: Physical activity is examined in various aspects, such as the structure of the muscular system. This study investigated the impact of a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program combined with a high-fat diet on the expression of M1 and M2 macrophages in the gastrocnemius muscle of male Wistar rats.
Materials and Methods: 24 healthy adult male Wistar rats with an average weight of 195±15 grams and age of 6 weeks were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, HIIT, high-fat diet, and HIIT with a high-fat diet. Interventions included 10 weeks of HIIT and a high-fat diet. Subsequently, samples were collected from the gastrocnemius muscle. The levels of M1 and M2 macrophages were measured using Real-Time-PCR. Data analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance at a significance level of P<0.05.
Results: Significant differences were observed between groups in the expression of M1 (P=0.0004) and M2 (P=0.0023) macrophages. M1 macrophage expression was significantly higher in the high-fat diet group compared to the HIIT group (P=0.0001). M1 macrophage expression was significantly lower in the HIIT with a high-fat diet group compared to the high-fat diet group (P=0.0001), but M2 macrophage expression was significantly higher in the HIIT with a high-fat diet group compared to the high-fat diet group (P=0.0003).
Conclusion: These findings suggest that HIIT can reduce M1 macrophage expression and increase M2 macrophage expression, mitigating the negative effects of a high-fat diet.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • High-intensity interval training
  • High-fat diet
  • Macrophage m1

مراجع

  1. Fu H, Tang B, Lang J, Du Y, Cao B, Jin L, et al. High-fat diet promotes macrophage-mediated hepatic inflammation and aggravates diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in mice. Frontiers in Nutrition 2020;7:585306.
  2. Tan BL, Norhaizan ME. Effect of high-fat diets on oxidative stress, cellular inflammatory response and cognitive function. Nutrients 2019;11(11):2579.
  3. Nitschke E, Gottesman K, Hamlett P, Mattar L, Robinson J, Tovar A, et al. Impact of nutrition and physical activity interventions provided by nutrition and exercise practitioners for the adult general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients 2022;14(9):1729.
  4. Fujiwara N, Kobayashi K. Macrophages in inflammation. Current Drug Targets-Inflammation & Allergy 2005;4(3):281-286.
  5. Liang W, Qi Y, Yi H, Mao C, Meng Q, Wang H, et al. The roles of adipose tissue macrophages in human disease. Frontiers in Immunology 2022;13:908749.
  6. Guria S, Hoory A, Das S, Chattopadhyay D, Mukherjee S. Adipose tissue macrophages and their role in obesity-associated insulin resistance: an overview of the complex dynamics at play. Bioscience Reports 2023;43(3):BSR20220200.
  7. Dang Y, Ma C, Chen K, Chen Y, Jiang M, Hu K, et al. The effects of a high-fat diet on inflammatory bowel disease. Biomolecules 2023;13(6):905.
  8. Dalvi PS, Chalmers JA, Luo V, Han D-Y, Wellhauser L, Liu Y, et al. High fat induces acute and chronic inflammation in the hypothalamus: effect of high-fat diet, palmitate and TNF-α on appetite-regulating NPY neurons. International Journal of Obesity 2017;41(1):149-158.
  9. Posabella G. Sports injury rate and sports performance: role of low-grade chronic inflammation. Progress in Nutrition 2020; 22(3).
  10. Baygutalp F, Buzdağlı Y, Ozan M, Koz M, Kılıç Baygutalp N, Atasever G. Impacts of different intensities of exercise on inflammation and hypoxia markers in low altitude. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021;13:1-9.
  11. Burini RC, Anderson E, Durstine JL, Carson JA. Inflammation, physical activity, and chronic disease: an evolutionary perspective. Sports Medicine and Health Science 2020;2(1):1-6.
  12. Kawanishi M, Kami K, Nishimura Y, Minami K, Senba E, Umemoto Y, et al. Exercise‐induced increase in M2 macrophages accelerates wound healing in young mice. Physiological Reports 2022;10(19):e15447.
  13. Walton RG, Kosmac K, Mula J, Fry CS, Peck BD, Groshong JS, et al. Human skeletal muscle macrophages increase following cycle training and are associated with adaptations that may facilitate growth. Scientific Reports 2019;9(1):969.
  14. Martins L, Gallo CC, Honda TSB, Alves PT, Stilhano RS, Rosa DS, et al. Skeletal muscle healing by M1-like macrophages produced by transient expression of exogenous GM-CSF. Stem Cell Research & Therapy 2020;11:1-12.
  15. Beavers KM, Brinkley TE, Nicklas BJ. Effect of exercise training on chronic inflammation. Clinica Chimica Acta 2010;411(11-12):785-793.
  16. Abramson JL, Vaccarino V. Relationship between physical activity and inflammation among apparently healthy middle-aged and older US adults. Archives of Internal Medicine 2002;162(11):1286-1192.
  17. Duan Y, Zeng L, Zheng C, Song B, Li F, Kong X, et al. Inflammatory links between high fat diets and diseases. Frontiers in Immunology 2018;9:2649.
  18. Alahmadi MA. High-intensity interval training and obesity. Journal of Novel Physiotherapies 2014;4(3):211.
  19. Monteiro PA, Freitas Junior IF, Zagatto AM, Ribeiro JPJ, Cabral-Santos C, Inoue DS, et al. Acute effect of high-intensity interval training on metabolic and inflammatory markers in obese and overweight adolescents: Pilot study. European Journal of Inflammation 2019;17:2058739219877710.
  20. Taylor AG, Ignaszewski AI, Bredin SS, Hill JS, Shellington EM, Warburton DE. High Intensity Interval Training Leads to Similar Inflammatory Activation as Seen With Traditional Training in Chronic Heart Failure. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine 2022;8:752531.
  21. Rohnejad B, Monazzami A. Effects of high-intensity intermittent training on some inflammatory and muscle damage indices in overweight middle-aged men. Apunts Sports Medicine 2023;58(217):100404.
  22. Khalafi M, Mohebbi H, Karimi P, Faridnia M, Tabari E. The effect of high intensity interval training and moderate intensity continuous training on mitochondrial content and pgc-1α of subcutaneous adipose tissue in male rats with high fat diet induced obesity. Journal of Sport Biosciences 2018;10(3):297-315.
  23. Hazlehurst JM, Woods C, Marjot T, Cobbold JF, Tomlinson JW. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes. Metabolism 2016;65(8):1096-1108.
  24. Martinez-Huenchullan SF, Ban LA, Olaya-Agudo LF, Maharjan BR, Williams PF, Tam CS, et al. Constant-moderate and high-intensity interval training have differential benefits on insulin sensitive tissues in high-fat fed mice. Frontiers in Physiology. 2019;10:459.
  25. Sadeghi R, Keshavarz S, Kargarfard M, Banaii J. The Effects of Aerobic, Resistance, and Combined Exercise on Adiponectin and CTRP-9 Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Applied Health Studies in Sport Physiology 2022;9(2):173-187.
  26. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clinical Chemistry 1972;18(6):499-502.
  27. Boersma E, Kertai MD, Schouten O, Bax JJ, Noordzij P, Steyerberg EW, et al. Perioperative cardiovascular mortality in noncardiac surgery: validation of the Lee cardiac risk index. The American Journal of Medicine 2005;118(10):1134-1141.
  28. Luo L, Liu M, Xie H, Fan Y, Zhang J, Liu L, et al. High‐Intensity Interval Training Improves Physical Function, Prevents Muscle Loss, and Modulates Macrophage‐Mediated Inflammation in Skeletal Muscle of Cerebral Ischemic Mice. Mediators of inflammation 2021;2021(1):1849428.
  29. Shanaki M, Khosravi M, Khoshdooni-Farahani A, Dadashi A, Heydari MF, Delfan M, et al. High-intensity interval training reversed high-fat diet–induced M1-macrophage polarization in rat adipose tissue via inhibition of NOTCH signaling. Journal of Inflammation Research 2020:165-174.
  30. Bo B, Guo A, Kaila SJ, Hao Z, Zhang H, Wei J, et al. Elucidating the primary mechanisms of high-intensity interval training for improved cardiac fitness in obesity. Frontiers in Physiology 2023;14:1170324.
  31. Lira FS, Koyama CH, Yamashita AS, Rosa JC, Zanchi NE, Batista Jr ML, et al. Chronic exercise decreases cytokine production in healthy rat skeletal muscle. Cell Biochemistry and Function 2009;27(7):458-461.
  32. Przybyla B, Gurley C, Harvey JF, Bearden E, Kortebein P, Evans WJ, et al. Aging alters macrophage properties in human skeletal muscle both at rest and in response to acute resistance exercise. Experimental Gerontology 2006;41(3):320-327.
  33. Lumeng CN, Bodzin JL, Saltiel AR. Obesity induces a phenotypic switch in adipose tissue macrophage polarization. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 2007;117(1):175-184.
  34. Zheng C, Yang Q, Cao J, Xie N, Liu K, Shou P, et al. Local proliferation initiates macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue during obesity. Cell Death & Disease 2016;7(3):e2167-e.
  35. Kratz M, Coats BR, Hisert KB, Hagman D, Mutskov V, Peris E, et al. Metabolic dysfunction drives a mechanistically distinct proinflammatory phenotype in adipose tissue macrophages. Cell Metabolism 2014;20(4):614-625.
  36. Santos EW, Oliveira DC, Hastreiter A, Silva GB, Beltran JSdO, Rogero MM, et al. Short-term high-fat diet affects macrophages inflammatory response, early signs of a long-term problem. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2019;55:e17561.
  37. Li X, Ren Y, Chang K, Wu W, Griffiths HR, Lu S, et al. Adipose tissue macrophages as potential targets for obesity and metabolic diseases. Frontiers in Immunology 2023;14:1153915.
  38. Ye J. Emerging role of adipose tissue hypoxia in obesity and insulin resistance. International journal of obesity. 2009;33(1):54-66.
  39. O’Neill HM, Holloway GP, Steinberg GR. AMPK regulation of fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis: implications for obesity. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 2013;366(2):135-151.
  40. Vats D, Mukundan L, Odegaard JI, Zhang L, Smith KL, Morel CR, et al. Oxidative metabolism and PGC-1β attenuate macrophage-mediated inflammation. Cell Metabolism 2006;4(1):13-24.
  41. Asqari Q, Gholami F, Bashiri J, Donyaei A. High-intensity interval training ameliorates high-fat diet-induced elevation of aminotransferases in male Wistar rats. Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences 2021;23(3):111-115.
  42. Karimi M, Saghebjoo M, Sarir H, Hedayati M. Skeletal muscle metabolomics analysis after high-intensity interval training in rats fed a high-fat diet. Daneshvar Medicine 2024;31(5):69-91.
  43. Faezi G, Sherafati Moghadam M, Shadmehri S, Fathalipour M. The effect of 4 weeks high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the content of downstream and upstream mTORC1 pathways gastrocnemius muscle of type 2 diabetic rats. Medical Science Journal of Islamic Azad Univesity-Tehran Medical Branch 2020;30(2):120-127.
  44. Zojaji Z, Behrestaq SF, Askari B. Effect of Eight Weeks of High Intensity Interval Training on Insulin Resistance and IRS1 Gene Expression in Gastrocnemius Muscle of Obese Wistar Rats. Medical Laboratory Journal 2022;16(3).
  45. Boutcher SH. High‐intensity intermittent exercise and fat loss. Journal of Obesity 2011;2011(1):868305.
  46. Wu Z-J, Wang Z-Y, Gao H-E, Zhou X-F, Li F-H. Impact of high-intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, physical fitness, and metabolic parameters in older adults: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Experimental Gerontology 2021;150:111345.
  47. Atakan MM, Li Y, Koşar ŞN, Turnagöl HH, Yan X. Evidence-based effects of high-intensity interval training on exercise capacity and health: A review with historical perspective. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021;18(13):7201.
  48. Kazemi SS, Heidarianpour A, Shokri E. Effect of resistance training and high-intensity interval training on metabolic parameters and serum level of Sirtuin1 in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Lipids in Health and Disease 2023;22(1):177.
دانشور پزشکی
دوره 32، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 172
مرداد و شهریور 1403
صفحه 80-94

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار