اثربخشی مداخله جیره عاطفی بر رابطه والد-کودک و استرس والدینی مادران خردسالان با علائم شبه اُتیسم در معرض دایه‌گری دیجیتالی

نویسندگان

1 گروه روان‌شناسی بالینی و سلامت، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه شهیدبهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 گروه روان‌شناسی شناختی، پژوهشکده علوم شناختی و مغز، دانشگاه شهیدبهشتی، تهران، ایران

3 گروه مدلسازی، پژوهشکده علوم شناختی و مغز، دانشگاه شهیدبهشتی، تهران، ایران

4 گروه روان‌شناسی تربیتی و تحولی، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی و پژوهشکده علوم شناختی و مغز، دانشگاه شهیدبهشتی، تهران، ایران

5 گروه نورولوژی اطفال، مرکز طبی کودکان، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه و هدف: در سال­های اخیر استفاده افراطی از وسایل دیجیتال در خردسالان افزایش چشمگیری داشته است و این استفاده افراطی پیامدهای نامناسب جسمانی، شناختی، هیجانی، اجتماعی و روانی از جمله تضعیف رابطه والد-کودک را به دنبال داشته است. مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی اثربخشی مداخله جیره عاطفی بر غنی­سازی رابطه والد-کودک و کاهش استرس والدینی در مادران خردسالان در معرض دایه­گری دیجیتالی انجام شد.
 
مواد و روش­ها: طرح پژوهش شبه تجربی از نوع پیش­آزمون-پس‌آزمون-پیگیری بدون گروه کنترل بود. 12 نفر از خردسالان در معرض دایه ­گری دیجیتالی با علائم اًتیسم که به مرکز اًتیسم آوا مراجعه کردند به­صورت در دسترس به عنوان گروه نمونه انتخاب شدند و به مدت 2 ماه مداخله جیره عاطفی دریافت کردند. برای ارزیابی اثربخشی مداخله از فرم کوتاه مقیاس رابطه والد-کودک (1994) و فرم کوتاه مقیاس استرس والدینی (1990) استفاده شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها از نرم‌افزار SPSS25 استفاده شد.
 
نتایج: نتایج آزمون تحلیل واریانس اندازه­گیری­ مکرر نشان داد که شرکت در مداخله جیره عاطفی سبب کاهش میزان مواجهه خردسالان با وسایل دیجیتال، افزایش نزدیکی و کاهش تعارض در رابطه بین والد-کودک، کاهش استرس و آشفتگی والدین و نیز بهبود تعاملات ناکارآمد بین والدین و کودک شده است. اندازه اثر مداخله بر کاهش میزان استفاده از وسایل دیجیتال بزرگ و بر مؤلفه‌های استرس والدینی و نزدیکی-تعارض رابطه بین والد-کودک متوسط بود و اثربخشی پس از گذشت دو ماه از اتمام مداخله پایدار بود.
 
نتیجه­ گیری: بر اساس یافته­ها، آموزش به والدین برای غنی­سازی عاطفی رابطه با کودک در معرض دایه­­ گری دیجیتالی با کاهش میزان مواجهه با وسایل دیجیتال، بهبود رابطه والد-کودک و کاهش استرس والدینی همراه بود؛ بنابراین از این روش می­توان برای غنی­سازی زندگی خردسالانی که در معرض دایه‌گری دیجیتالی بوده­اند، استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effectiveness of emotional diet intervention on parent-child interaction and parental stress in mothers of young children with autistic-like behaviors and exposure to digital nanning

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeid Sadeghi 1
  • Hamid Reza Pouretemad 2
  • Reza Khosroabadi 3
  • Jalil Fathabadi 4
  • Sedighe Nikbakht 5
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: In recent years, excessive use of digital devices had dramatically increased in young people and this extreme exposure has inappropriate physical, cognitive, emotional, social and psychological consequences, such as the disruption in the parent-child interaction. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotional diet intervention on enriching parent-child interactions and reducing parental stress in mothers of young children excessively exposed to digital devices.
 
Materials and Methods: The design of this research was quasi-experimental with pre-post and follow-up test without control groups. In this study, 12 young children exposed to digital devices, which referred to the Ava autism center were selected as the sample group and participate in emotional diet intervention for 2 months. To assess the effectiveness of the intervention, a short form of parent-child interaction scale (1994) and a short form of parental stress scale (1990) were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS25.
 
Results: Repeated measures ANOVA results showed that participating in emotional diet intervention decreases children exposure to digital devices, increases closeness and reduces the conflicts in parent-child interactions, reduces parental stress and distress, and parent-child dysfunctional interaction. The effect size of the intervention for digital devices exposure was large and for components of parental stress and the parent-child proximity-conflict was medium. Also, the efficacy was permanent after two months of completion of the intervention.
 
Conclusion: According to our results, training parents to the emotional enrichment of their interaction with the child who exposed to Digital Nanning was associated with reduced exposure to digital devices, improvement in parent-child interaction and reducing parental stress. Therefore, this method can be used to enrich the lifestyle of young children who were excessively exposed to digital devices.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Young children
  • Emotional enrichment
  • Digital Nanning
  • Parent-child interaction

مراجع

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دانشور پزشکی
دوره 26، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 137
137
مهر و آبان 1397
صفحه 1-10

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