تأثیر مکمل‌دهی سیلی‌مارین بر سطوح سرمی اینترلوکین-6 و پروتئین‌ واکنشگر-C به دنبال یک وهله فعالیت هوازی در مردان سالم

نویسندگان

1 گروه تربیت‌بدنی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی مرکز باسمنج، تبریز، ایران

2 دانشکده تربیت‌بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه و هدف: سیلی‌مارین عصارۀ استانداردشدۀ دانه‌های خار مریم بوده که دارای ویژگی‌های پایدارکننده غشاء سلولی و تنظیم‌کنندۀ نفوذپذیری سلول است؛ بنابراین هدف از این مطالعه، تعیین اثر مقادیر مختلف سیلی‌مارین بر پاسخ برخی از شاخص‌های التهابی در سرم مردان فعال پس از یک وهله فعالیت هوازی بود.
 
مواد و روش‌ها: بدین منظور، 27 مرد فعال در قالب طرح‌ نیمه‌‌تجربی و دوسویه کور در سه گروه همگن 9 نفری؛ مکمل (سیلی‌مارین: 5 و 10 میلی‌گرم در وزن بدن) و دارونما (دکستروز: 5 میلی‌گرم در وزن بدن) قرار گرفتند. پس از مکمل دهی 14 روزه، آزمودنی‌ها در یک وهله فعالیت هوازی شامل؛ دویدن روی نوارگردان با شیب صفر درجه به مدت 30 دقیقه با شدت 70 الی 75% ضربان قلب ذخیره شرکت نمودند. تغییرات شاخص‌های مورد مطالعه طی سه مرحله (حالت پایه، پس از دورۀ مکمل دهی و 24 ساعت پس از فعالیت ورزشی) اندازه‌گیری شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون تحلیل واریانس مکرر سه در سه (گروه×زمان)، تعقیبی بونفرونی و تی مستقل در آلفای 05/0 بررسی شد.
 
نتایج: یافته‌ها نشان داد که یک وهله فعالیت هوازی منجر به افزایش معنی‌داری شاخص‌های التهابی 24 ساعته در تمامی گروه‌ها می‌شود (001/0P=). در حالی که، گروه‌های مصرف‌کنندۀ سیلی‌مارین (5 و 10 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم وزن بدن) باعث تعدیل پاسخ شاخص‌های التهابی (IL-6 و CRP < /span>) متعاقب یک وهله فعالیت هوازی در مقایسه با گروه شبه دارو شدند (024/0P=).
 
نتیجه‌گیری: چنین می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که مصرف کوتاه‌مدت مقادیر 5 و 10 میلی‌گرم در وزن بدن سیلی‌مارین در یک پاسخ وابسته به مقادیر موجب کاهش شاخص‌های التهابی در مردان فعال متعاقب انجام یک وهله فعالیت هوازی ‌می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of silymarin supplementation on the serum levels of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein following a single bout of aerobic exercise in healthy men

نویسندگان [English]

  • Akbar Moein 1
  • Ali Zarghami Khameneh 2
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: Silymarin is a standardized extract of the milk thistle seeds that stabilizes cell membranes and regulate cell permeability properties. So, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of different doses of silymarin on some inflammatory indices in serum of active men after one-session aerobic exercise.
 
Materials and Methods: For this purpose, twenty-seven active men in a quasi-experimental and double-blind design were divided into three equal groups of 9 subjects each; supplement (Silymarin: 5 and 10 mg.kg-1) and placebo (Dextrose: 5 mg.kg-1). After 14 days of the supplementation, all subjects were participated in a single aerobic exercise that included; running on the treadmill at the 0% grade for 30 min with an intensity of 70-75% HR reserve. Blood samples were taken at three phases (baseline, after supplementation period and 24 hours after the exercise). Data were analyzed using repeated-measure 3×3 ANOVA (group×time), Bonferroni and independent t-test at α<0.05.
 
Results: The findings showed that a single bout of aerobic exercise significantly increases 24-hours inflammatory indices in all groups (p=0.001). However, in comparison with the placebo group, silymarin ingestion groups (5 and 10 mg.kg-1) had lower inflammatory markers (IL-6 & CRP) following one-session aerobic exercise (p=0.024).
 
Conclusion: According to this, it may be concluded that the short-term ingestion of 5 or 10 mg.kg-1 of silymarin could dose-dependent reduce aerobic exercise-induced inflammatory markers in active men.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Silymarin
  • Aerobic exercise
  • Interleukin-6
  • C-Reactive protein
1. Surai PF. Silymarin as a natural antioxidant: an overview of the current evidence and perspectives. Antioxidants 2015; 4(1): 204-247. 2. Katiyar SK, Vaid M. Molecular mechanisms of inhibition of photocarcinogenesis by silymarin, a phytochemical from milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertn). International Journal of Oncology 2010; 36(5):1053-60. 3. Zahkouk SA, EI-Gendy AM, Eid FA, EI-Tahway NA, EI-Shamy SA. Physiological and histological studies on the heart of male albino rats exposed to electromagnetic field and the protective role of silymarin and or vitamin E. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015; 58: 94-108. 4. Sherif IO, Al-Gayyar MM. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of silymarin on hepatic dysfunction induced by sodium nitrite. European Cytokine Network 2013; 24(3): 114-121. 5. Cristofalo R, Bannwart-Castro CF, Magalhaes CG, Borges VT, Peracoli JC, Witkin SS, Peracoli MT. Silibinin attenuates oxidative metabolism and cytokine production by monocytes from preeclamptic women. Free Radical Research 2013; 47(4): 268-275. 6. Ostadrahimi AR, Jamali Qarakhanlou B, Zarghami Khameneh A, Heydari B. Antioxidative effects of hydroalcoholic extract of silybum marianum (l.) Gaertn (silymarin) on a single session of exhaustive aerobic exercise-induced oxidative stress markers response in active male. Daneshvar Journal Medicones 2016; 23 (121): 61-70. (in Persian) 7. Amin MM, Arbid MS. Estimation of the novel antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antihyperlipidemic effects of silymarin in Albino rats and mice. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2015; 5(8):619–623. 8. Atawia RT, Mosli HH, Tadros MG, Khalifa AE, Mosli HA, Abdel-Naim AB. Modulatory effect of silymarin on inflammatory mediators in experimentally induced benign prostatic hyperplasia: emphasis on PTEN, HIF-1α, and NF-κB. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2014;387(12):1131-40. 9. Kasim MJ, Saad AH, Intesar TN, Assad HS. Dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect of silymarin in experimental animal model of acute inflammation. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2009; 3(5): 242-247. 10. Al-Enzani M. Neuroprotective effect of silymarin by modulation of endogenous biomarkers in streptozotocin induced painful diabetic neuropathy. British Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology 2013; 4(3):110-120. 11. Zarghami-khameneh A, Jafari A, Akhtari-shojaei E. The effect of acute caffeine ingestion on oxidative response in male volleyball players following one-session resistance exhausting exercise. Sport Physiol Journal 2014; 6: 115-130. (in Persian) 12. Christiansen T, Bruun JM, Paulsen SK, Ølholm J, Overgaard K, Pedersen SB, Richelsen B. Acute exercise increases circulating inflammatory markers in overweight and obese compared with lean subjects. European Journal Applied Physiology 2013; 113(6): 1635-42. 13. Hassani A, Soleymanian K, Bahrololom H, Donyaei A. The effect of silymarin supplementation and endurance training on the plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, in sedentary men. Knowledge and Health 2014; 9(1):1-6. (in Persian) 14. Barari AR, Alavi H, Shirali S, Ghazalian F. Effect of short-term endurance training and silymarin consumption on some of preinflammatory cytokines, growth mediators and immune system performance. Annals of Biological Research 2012; 3(6): 2933-2937. 15. Seaid M, Barari AR, Alavi H. Effect of short-term resistance training and silymarin consumption on some of preinflammatory cytokines, growth mediators and immune system performance. Australian Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences 2012; 6(9): 73-77. 16. Ehrman JK. ACSM's resource manual for guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters kluwer health lippincott williams & wilkins.USA 2013; pp: 200-284. 17. Heidari B, Siahkouhian M, Vakili J, Zarghami khameneh A. The effects of a short term hydro-alcoholic extract of milk Thistle (Silymarin) supplementation on aerobic exercise induced changes. Complementary Medicine Journal of faculty of Nursing & Midwifery 2015; 5(3): 1258-1270. (in Persian) 18. Beydilli H, Yilmaz N, Cetin ES, Topal Y, Celik OI, Sahin C. Evaluation of the protective effect of silibinin against diazinon induced hepatotoxicity and free-radical damage in rat liver. Iranian Red Crescent Mediacl Journal 2015; 17(4): 253-264. (in Persian) 19. Vanessa S, Giorgi M, José CP, Steven SW, Camila FB. Silibinin modulates the NF-κb pathway and pro-inflammatory cytokine production by mononuclear cells from preeclamptic women. Journal of Reproductive Immunology 2012; 95(1): 67–72. 20. Liu W, Li Y, Zheng X, Zhang K, Du Z. Potent inhibitory effect of silibinin from milk thistle on skin inflammation stimuli by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Food & function 2015; 6(12): 3712-9. 21. Landers-Ramos RQ, Jenkins NT, Spangenburg EE, Hagberg JM, Prior SJ. Circulating angiogenic and inflammatory cytokine responses to acute aerobic exercise in trained and sedentary young men. European Journal of Applied Physiology 2014; 114(7): 1377-84. 22. Nazarali P, Pormphamadi A, Hanachi P. Effect of six weeks of resistance training (RT) and silymarin supplement on the changes in the inflammation marker interleukin 6 and psychological profile in elite female taekwondo players in alborz province. International Journal of Sport Studies 2015; 5(1): 57-61. 23. Sajedianfard J, Nazifi S, Shamsaei A. The effects of oral administration of different doses of hydroalcoholic extract of silymarin on status of serum trace elements. American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 2014; 9(3): 170-176 Surai PF. Silymarin as a natural antioxidant: an overview of the current evidence and perspectives. Antioxidants 2015; 4(1): 204-247. 24. Katiyar SK, Vaid M. Molecular mechanisms of inhibition of photocarcinogenesis by silymarin, a phytochemical from milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertn). International Journal of Oncology 2010; 36(5):1053-60. 25. Zahkouk SA, EI-Gendy AM, Eid FA, EI-Tahway NA, EI-Shamy SA. Physiological and histological studies on the heart of male albino rats exposed to electromagnetic field and the protective role of silymarin and or vitamin E. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015; 58: 94-108. 26. Sherif IO, Al-Gayyar MM. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of silymarin on hepatic dysfunction induced by sodium nitrite. European Cytokine Network 2013; 24(3): 114-121. 27. Cristofalo R, Bannwart-Castro CF, Magalhaes CG, Borges VT, Peracoli JC, Witkin SS, Peracoli MT. Silibinin attenuates oxidative metabolism and cytokine production by monocytes from preeclamptic women. Free Radical Research 2013; 47(4): 268-275. 28. Ostadrahimi AR, Jamali Qarakhanlou B, Zarghami Khameneh A, Heydari B. Antioxidative effects of hydroalcoholic extract of silybum marianum (l.) Gaertn (silymarin) on a single session of exhaustive aerobic exercise-induced oxidative stress markers response in active male. Daneshvar Journal Medicones 2016; 23 (121): 61-70. (in Persian) 29. Amin MM, Arbid MS. Estimation of the novel antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antihyperlipidemic effects of silymarin in Albino rats and mice. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2015; 5(8):619–623. 30. Atawia RT, Mosli HH, Tadros MG, Khalifa AE, Mosli HA, Abdel-Naim AB. Modulatory effect of silymarin on inflammatory mediators in experimentally induced benign prostatic hyperplasia: emphasis on PTEN, HIF-1α, and NF-κB. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2014;387(12):1131-40. 31. Kasim MJ, Saad AH, Intesar TN, Assad HS. Dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect of silymarin in experimental animal model of acute inflammation. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2009; 3(5): 242-247. 32. Al-Enzani M. Neuroprotective effect of silymarin by modulation of endogenous biomarkers in streptozotocin induced painful diabetic neuropathy. British Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology 2013; 4(3):110-120. 33. Zarghami-khameneh A, Jafari A, Akhtari-shojaei E. The effect of acute caffeine ingestion on oxidative response in male volleyball players following one-session resistance exhausting exercise. Sport Physiol Journal 2014; 6: 115-130. (in Persian) 34. Christiansen T, Bruun JM, Paulsen SK, Ølholm J, Overgaard K, Pedersen SB, Richelsen B. Acute exercise increases circulating inflammatory markers in overweight and obese compared with lean subjects. European Journal Applied Physiology 2013; 113(6): 1635-42. 35. Hassani A, Soleymanian K, Bahrololom H, Donyaei A. The effect of silymarin supplementation and endurance training on the plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, in sedentary men. Knowledge and Health 2014; 9(1):1-6. (in Persian) 36. Barari AR, Alavi H, Shirali S, Ghazalian F. Effect of short-term endurance training and silymarin consumption on some of preinflammatory cytokines, growth mediators and immune system performance. Annals of Biological Research 2012; 3(6): 2933-2937. 37. Seaid M, Barari AR, Alavi H. Effect of short-term resistance training and silymarin consumption on some of preinflammatory cytokines, growth mediators and immune system performance. Australian Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences 2012; 6(9): 73-77. 38. Ehrman JK. ACSM's resource manual for guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters kluwer health lippincott williams & wilkins.USA 2013; pp: 200-284. 39. Heidari B, Siahkouhian M, Vakili J, Zarghami khameneh A. The effects of a short term hydro-alcoholic extract of milk Thistle (Silymarin) supplementation on aerobic exercise induced changes. Complementary Medicine Journal of faculty of Nursing & Midwifery 2015; 5(3): 1258-1270. (in Persian) 40. Beydilli H, Yilmaz N, Cetin ES, Topal Y, Celik OI, Sahin C. Evaluation of the protective effect of silibinin against diazinon induced hepatotoxicity and free-radical damage in rat liver. Iranian Red Crescent Mediacl Journal 2015; 17(4): 253-264. (in Persian) 41. Vanessa S, Giorgi M, José CP, Steven SW, Camila FB. Silibinin modulates the NF-κb pathway and pro-inflammatory cytokine production by mononuclear cells from preeclamptic women. Journal of Reproductive Immunology 2012; 95(1): 67–72. 42. Liu W, Li Y, Zheng X, Zhang K, Du Z. Potent inhibitory effect of silibinin from milk thistle on skin inflammation stimuli by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Food & function 2015; 6(12): 3712-9. 43. Landers-Ramos RQ, Jenkins NT, Spangenburg EE, Hagberg JM, Prior SJ. Circulating angiogenic and inflammatory cytokine responses to acute aerobic exercise in trained and sedentary young men. European Journal of Applied Physiology 2014; 114(7): 1377-84. 44. Nazarali P, Pormphamadi A, Hanachi P. Effect of six weeks of resistance training (RT) and silymarin supplement on the changes in the inflammation marker interleukin 6 and psychological profile in elite female taekwondo players in alborz province. International Journal of Sport Studies 2015; 5(1): 57-61. 45. Sajedianfard J, Nazifi S, Shamsaei A. The effects of oral administration of different doses of hydroalcoholic extract of silymarin on status of serum trace elements. American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 2014; 9(3): 170-176.