اثرات ضداضطرابی و ضدافسردگی عصارۀ هیدروالکلی مرزۀ تابستانی (Satureja hortensis) در موش‌های صحرایی نر مواجه‌شده با استرس مزمن بی‌حرکتی

نویسندگان

گروه فیزیولوژی، مرکز تحقیقات بیولوژی، واحد زنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه و هدف: مرزۀ تابستانی (Satureja hortensis) اثرات آنتی‌اکسیدانی، ضدالتهابی و ضددردی دارد. این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی اثر عصارۀ هیدروالکلی مرزۀ تابستانی بر اضطراب و افسردگی در رت­های نر ویستار مواجه‌شده با بی‌حرکتی مزمن انجام گرفت.


مواد و روش­ها: در این مطالعۀ تجربی، 48 سر رت به 6 گروه 8تایی شامل گروه کنترل، گروه استرس (که به‌مدت 21 روز متوالی، هر روز 6 ساعت تحت استرس مزمن بی­حرکتی قرار گرفت)، گروه­های مرزۀ 200 و مرزۀ 400 (که به‌ترتیب دوز 200 و  mg/kg400 عصارۀ هیدروالکلی مرزه را دریافت نمودند) و گروه­های استرس ‌- ‌مرزۀ 200 و استرس ‌- مرزۀ 400 (که علاوه بر استرس مزمن بی­حرکتی، عصارۀ هیدروالکلی مرزه را دریافت کردند) تقسیم شدند. در پایان دوره، برای سنجش سطح اضطراب از آزمون ماز بعلاوه‌ای شکل مرتفع و جهت بررسی میزان افسردگی حیوانات تست شنای اجباری مورد استفاده قرار گرفت.


نتایج: درصد ورود به بازوی باز و درصد زمان سپری‌شده در بازوی باز در گروه­های استرس - ‌مرزه افزایش معنی­داری در مقایسه با گروه استرس داشت (01/0p<). در تست شنای اجباری، مجموع زمان بی‌حرکتی در گروه­ استرس ‌- مرزه 400 در مقایسه با گروه استرس، کاهش معنی‌داری نشان داد (05/0p<).


نتیجه­ گیری: نتایج نشان می­دهد که عصارۀ هیدروالکلی مرزه اثر ضداضطرابی دارد و در دوز  mg/kg400 موجب کاهش افسردگی در موش­های صحرایی می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of summer savory (Satureja hortensis) hydroalcoholic extract in male rats exposed to chronic restraint stress

چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: Summer savory (Satureja hortensis) has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of Satureja hortensis hydro-alcoholic extract on anxiety and depression in male Wistar rats exposed to chronic immobilization.


Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 48 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to 6 groups (n=8 for each): control, stress group (6 hours/day during 21 consecutive days restraint stress), Satureja200 and Satureja400 (receiving doses 200, 400 mg/kg/bw of hydroalcoholic extract of Satureja hortensis), stress-Satureja200 and stress-Satureja400 groups (received Satureja extract in addition to chronic immobility stress). At the end of study, anxiety and depression were evaluated using elevated plus maze and forced swimming test, respectively.


Results: The percentages of open arm entry and time spent in open arm significantly increased in satureja-stress groups as compared with stress animals (p<0.01). The results of forced swimming test showed that the immobility time in satureja-stress400 group significantly decreased as compared with stress animals (p<0.05).


Conclusion: The results suggested that hydroalcoholic extract of Satureja hortensis has anxiolytic effect and at dosage of 400 mg/kg decreases depression-like behavior in rats.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Satureja hortensis
  • anxiety
  • Depression
  • Restraint stress
McCarty R, Aguilera G, Sabban EL, Kvetnansky R, editors. Stress: neural, endocrine and molecular studies. New York: CRC Press; 2003. Joëls M, Karst H, Krugers HJ, Lucassen PJ. Chronic stress: implications for neuronal morphology, function and neurogenesis. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 2007; 28(2): 72-96. Behl C, Lezoualc’h F, Trapp T, Widmann M, Skutella T, Holsboer F. Glucocorticoids enhance oxidative stress-induced cell death in hippocampal neurons in vitro. Endocrinology 1997; 138(1): 101-6. Costantini D, Marasco V, Møller AP. A meta-analysis of glucocorticoids as modulators of oxidative stress in vertebrates. Journal of Comparative Physiology B 2011; 181(4): 447-56. Michel TM, Frangou S, Thiemeyer D, Camara S, Jecel J, Nara K, Brunklaus A, Zoechling R, Riederer P. Evidence for oxidative stress in the frontal cortex in patients with recurrent depressive disorder-a postmortem study. Psychiatry Research 2007; 151(1): 145-50. Rammal H, Bouayed J, Younos C, Soulimani R. Evidence that oxidative stress is linked to anxiety-related behaviour in mice. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 2008; 22(8): 1156-9. Chiba S, Numakawa T, Ninomiya M, Richards MC, Wakabayashi C, Kunugi H. Chronic restraint stress causes anxiety-and depression-like behaviors, downregulates glucocorticoid receptor expression, and attenuates glutamate release induced by brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the prefrontal cortex. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 2012; 39(1): 112-9. Cui K, Luo X, Xu K, Murthy MV. Role of oxidative stress in neurodegeneration: recent developments in assay methods for oxidative stress and nutraceutical antioxidants. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 2004; 28(5): 771-99. Momtaz S, Abdollahi M. An update on pharmacology of Satureja species; from antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetes and anti-hyperlipidemic to reproductive stimulation. IJP-International Journal of Pharmacology 2010; 6(4): 346-53. Chkhikvishvili I, Sanikidze T, Gogia N, Mchedlishvili T, Enukidze M, Machavariani M, et al. Rosmarinic acid-rich extracts of summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) protect jurkat T cells against oxidative stress. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2013; 1-9. Hajhashemi V, Sadraei H, Ghannadi AR, Mohseni M. Antispasmodic and anti-diarrhoeal effect of Satureja hortensis L. essential oil. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2000; 71(1): 187-92. Hajhashemi V, Ghannadi A, Pezeshkian SK. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Satureja hortensis L. extracts and essential oil. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2002; 82(2): 83-7. MacDowell KS, Caso JR, Martín-Hernández D, Madrigal JL, Leza JC, García-Bueno B. Paliperidone prevents brain Toll-like receptor 4 pathway activation and neuroinflammation in rat models of acute and chronic restraint stress. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 18(3): 777-80. Mobarakeh HI, Dehkordi HS, Dehkordi MJ, Khamesipour F. Assessing the Effect of the Savory (Satureja Hortensis L.) Essence on Some Biochemical Factors in Rat's Blood Serum. Advances in Life Sciences 2014; 4(2): 73-8. Ghorbani Yekta B, Nasehi M, Khakpour S, Zarrindast MR, Shafieekhan Y. The effects of nicotine injection in rat nucleus accumbens on anxiety. Tehran University Medical Journal 2013; 71(2): 71-8. Jafari F, Khosravi M, Najafi Abedi A, Hedayat S, Ranjbaran M. Assessment of the antidepressant effect of Rosa Canina L. petal extracts in mice by forced swimming stress model. Physiology and Pharmacology 2013; 17(2): 231-9. Czéh B, Varga ZK, Henningsen K, Kovács GL, Miseta A, Wiborg O. Chronic stress reduces the number of GABAergic interneurons in the adult rat hippocampus, dorsal‐ventral and region‐specific differences. Hippocampus 2015; 25(3): 393-405. Weinberger DR. Anxiety at the frontier of molecular medicine. New England Journal of Medicine 2001; 344(16): 1247-9. Bouayed J, Rammal H, Soulimani R. Oxidative stress and anxiety: relationship and cellular pathways. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2009; 2(2): 63-7. Hamidpour R, Hamidpour S, Hamidpour M, Shahlari M, Sohraby M. Summer savory: From the selection of traditional applications to the novel effect in relief, prevention, and treatment of a number of serious illnesses such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine. 2014; 4(3): 140-4. Bhandari SS, Kabra MP. To evaluate anti-anxiety activity of thymol. Journal of Acute Disease 2014; 3(2): 136-40. Melo FH, Venâncio ET, De Sousa DP, De França Fonteles MM, De Vasconcelos SM, Viana GS, De Sousa FC. Anxiolytic‐like effect of Carvacrol (5‐isopropyl‐2‐methylphenol) in mice: involvement with GABAergic transmission. Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology 2010; 24(4): 437-43. Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM, editors. Principles of neural science. New York: McGraw-hill; 2000. Hanrahan JR, Chebib M, Johnston GA. Flavonoid modulation of GABAA receptors. British Journal of Pharmacology 2011; 163(2): 234-45. McCall S. Investigation of the anxiolytic effects of luteolin, a lemon balm flavonoid in the male Sprague-Dawley rat. AANA Journal 2009; 77(1): 33-6. Talarowska M, Szemraj J, Berk M, Maes M, Gałecki P. Oxidant/antioxidant imbalance is an inherent feature of depression. BMC Psychiatry 2015; 15(1): 71. Berton O, Nestler EJ. New approaches to antidepressant drug discovery: beyond monoamines. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2006; 7(2): 137-51. Takeda H, Tsuji M, Inazu M, Egashira T, Matsumiya T. Rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid produce antidepressive-like effect in the forced swimming test in mice. European Journal of Pharmacology 2002;449(3): 261-7. Kondo S, El Omri A, Han J, Isoda H. Antidepressant-like effects of rosmarinic acid through mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor modulation. Journal of Functional Foods 2015; 14: 758-66. Deng XY, Li HY, Chen JJ, Li RP, Qu R, Fu Q, et al. Thymol produces an antidepressant-like effect in a chronic unpredictable mild stress model of depression in mice. Behavioural Brain Research 2015; 29: 12-19. Melo FH, Moura BA, de Sousa DP, de Vasconcelos SM, Macedo DS, Fonteles MM, et al. Antidepressant‐like effect of carvacrol (5‐Isopropyl‐2‐methylphenol) in mice: involvement of dopaminergic system. Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology 2011; 25(3): 362-7. Ma Z, Wang G, Cui L, Wang Q. Myricetin Attenuates Depressant-Like Behavior in Mice Subjected to Repeated Restraint Stress. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2015; 16(12): 28377-85.