آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد مادران در زمینۀ بهداشت دهان و دندان کودکان یک تا شش سال (مناطق 3 و 16 تهران در سال 1393)

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، متخصص دندانپزشکی، جامعه‌نگر، دانشکدۀ دندانپزشکی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار، دکتری پرستاری، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت آموزشی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکز، تهران، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه و ﻫﺪف: کودکان ارزش‌ها و نگرش‌ها نسبت‌به مباحث بهداشتی را از والدینشان به‌خصوص مادرانشان یاد می‌گیرند. آگاهی از دانش، نگرش و عملکرد مادران کودکان نقش کلیدی در ایجاد نگرش و عادات در کودکان دارد. لذا کسب اطلاعات از آگاهی مادران می‌تواند مبنایی برای برنامه‌ریزی‌های بهداشتی باشد. هدف این مطالعه بررسی دانش و نگرش و عملکرد مادران کودکان 1تا6 ساله می‌باشد.


مواد و روش‌ها: این مطالعه توصیفی‌مقطعی می‌باشد و بر روی 450 نفر مادران کودکان 1تا6 سالۀ مراجعه‌کننده به مهدکودک‌های مناطق 3 و 16 تهران در سال 1393 انجام گردید. نمونه‌گیری به‌صورت تصادفی خوشه‌ای بود. از پرسشنامۀ استاندارد KAP-WHO استفاده شد. آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد به سه سطح ضعیف، متوسط و خوب تقسیم گردید. روایی، پایایی و پرسشنامه در مطالعات قبلی موردسنجش قرار گرفته است. داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار آماری SPSS و آزمون‌های آماری تی، ANOVA، ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و اسپیرمن مورد تجزیه‌وتحلیل قرار گرفت.


نتایج: در حدود 34/47درصد مادران آگاهی متوسط، 12/51درصد مادران نگرش متوسط و 23/46درصد مادران عملکرد متوسط داشتند. در کل، آگاهی و نگرش و عملکرد با سطح متوسط ارزیابی شد (05/0p<). آزمون‌های آماری بیانگر آن بود که بین آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد مادران با سن، تحصیلات، وضعیت اشتغال و وضعیت اقتصادی ارتباط وجود داشت (001/0p<).


نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج مطالعه نشان داد که دانش و عملکرد مادران در مراقبت از دهان و دندان کودکان ناکافی بود. لذا تدوین برنامه‌های آموزشی یک ضرورت است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Determination of the mothers’ knowledge, attitude, and practice about orodental health of their 1-6 years children in regions 3 and 16 of Tehran in 2015

چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: Children learn health values and attitudes from their parents, especially their mothers. Therefore, mothers' awareness about orodental health is important, as a foundation for health promotion planning for children. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practice of mothers about their children’ orodental health at ages of 1-6 years.


Materials and Methods: This research was a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study performed on 450 of 1-6 years childrens’ mothers attending kindergartens in two affluent and deprived areas of city of Tehran in 2015. Cluster random sampling was used. The standard KAP-WHO questionnaires were applied to assess mothers' knowledge, attitude, and performance regarding their children’ oral health. Validity and reliability of the instrument were confirmed in previous studies. Data were analyzed through SPSS software using t-Test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Spearman correlation coefficient.


Results: About 47.34% of mothers had a moderate level of knowledge, 51.12% had moderate attitudes and 46.23% had moderate practice regarding orodental health in children (P=0.05). Totally, the participants in this study had moderate level of KAP score (P<0.005). The statistical tests showed a significant correlation between the variables of knowledge, attitudes and practice with mothers' age, education status, employment status, and economic situation (P< 0.001).


Conclusion: Mothers’ knowledge and performance toward their children’s oral health was undesirable. Therefore, planning educational programs for mothers is necessary.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Knowledge
  • Attitude
  • Practice
  • Mothers
  • Orodental health
  • Children
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