تأثیر تمرینات موضعی، جامع و ترکیبی بر ضعف عضلات شکم دانش‌آموزان دختر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه تربیت‌بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

2 گروه تربیت‌بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه پیام نور، سنندج، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه و هدف: تمرینات متنوعی به صورت موضعی یا فراگیر، برای تقویت عضلات شکمی که در ثبات ناحیه مرکزی بدن نقش مهمی دارند، توصیه شده است. تاکنون پژوهش‌های اندکی اثربخشی این تمرینات را در جوامع هدف ارزیابی و مقایسه کرده‌اند؛ بنابراین هدف از انجام این تحقیق بررسی تأثیر تمرینات موضعی، جامع و ترکیبی بر ضعف عضلات شکم دانش‌آموزان دختر می‌باشد.
مواد و روش ها: بدین منظور 60 نفر دانش‌آموز دختر (17-15 سال) غیر ورزشکار به صورت هدفمند انتخاب، سپس به صورت تصادفی به چهار گروه موضعی، جامع، ترکیبی و کنترل تقسیم شدند. گروه‌های آزمایش به مدت 12 هفته برنامه‌های تمرینی را اجرا کردند. از آزمون دراز نشست برای اندازه‌گیری استقامت و آزمون پایین آوردن مستقیم دو پا برای اندازه‌گیری قدرت عضلات شکم استفاده شد.
نتایج: نتایج نشان داد، ضعف عضلات شکم آزمودنی‌ها به طور معناداری پس از شرکت در برنامه تمرینات تقویتی بهبود یافت، به طوری که اختلاف میانگین‌های استقامت و قدرت عضلات شکمی آزمودنی‌ها در تمرینات موضعی، جامع و ترکیبی در پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون معنادار بود (0.05˂P). کواریانس چند متغیره و آزمون تعقیبی بونفرونی نشان داد تمرینات ترکیبی و جامع بهتر از تمرینات موضعی منجر به بهبود استقامت و قدرت عضلات شکمی شدند (0.05˂P).
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این پژوهش از اثربخشی بهتر تمرینات جامع و ترکیبی در بهینه‌سازی عملکرد، حمایت می‌کند. به نظر می‌رسد اثربخشی بهتر تمرینات ترکیبی نیز به خاطر گنجاندن تمرینات جامع در آن پروتکل باشد؛ بنابراین به درمانگرها و مربیان ورزشی توصیه می‌شود بیشتر از تمرینات جامع برای بهبود استقامت و قدرت ناحیه شکمی استفاده کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of local, comprehensive and combined exercises on the weakness of abdominal muscles of schoolgirls

نویسندگان [English]

  • Soheila Minaei 1
  • Azr Aghayari 1
  • AliAkbar Jadidian 2
1 Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Payame-Noor University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Payame-Noor University, Sanandaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: Various local and comprehensive exercises are recommended to strengthen abdominal muscles that play an important role in core stability. Few studies have compared the effectiveness of these exercises in populations yet. Thus, the aim of this study was investigating the effect of local, comprehensive and combined exercises on the weakness of abdominal muscles of schoolgirls.
Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 60 non-athlete 15-17 years old schoolgirls selected by purposive sampling then randomly divided into four groups including: local, comprehensive, combined and control. Experimental groups performed training programs for 12 weeks. Sit-up and Double Straight Leg Lowering (DSLL) tests were used to evaluate abdominal muscles endurance and strength, respectively.
Results: Results showed that the abdominal muscles weakness significantly improved after exercise programs, so that the pre and post-test mean difference of abdominal muscles’ endurance and strength in local, comprehensive and combined exercises were significant (p < 0.05). MANCOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test showed that comprehensive and combined exercises improved endurance and strength of the abdominal muscles better than that of local exercises (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The comprehensive and combined exercise protocols showed better results in endurance and strength tests in terms of abdominal muscles strengthening. The results of this study support better effectiveness of comprehensive and combined exercises in optimizing performance. It seems that the better effectiveness of the combined exercises is due to the comprehensive exercises involved in. Therefore, it is recommended to therapists and coaches to perform comprehensive exercises more than the others for improving abdominal muscles’ endurance and strength.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Exercise
  • Core stability
  • Schoolgirls
  • Abdominal muscle

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