سنجش کنترل آسم در بیماران مبتلا به آسم مراجعه کننده به بیمارستان امیرالمؤمنین شهر اراک بر اساس مدل اعتقاد بهداشتی Measuring asthma control in asthma patients referred to Amir al-Momenin Hospital in Arak based on the health belief model Measuring asthma control in asthma patients referred to Amir al-Momenin Hospital in Arak based on the health belief model

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اراک، اراک، ایران.

2 گروه آموزش بهداشت، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اراک، اراک، ایران.

3 گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اراک، اراک، ایران.

4 گروه اپیدمیولوژی، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اراک، اراک، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: آسم یکی از شایع ترین اختلالات دستگاه تنفسی می باشد، که مدیریت آن نیاز به شناخت پایه های نگرشی و رفتاری بیماران دارد. لذا مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین میزان سنجش کنترل آسم در بیماران مبتلا به آسم مراجعه کننده به بیمارستان امیرالمؤمنین شهر اراک بر اساس مدل اعتقاد بهداشتی انجام پذیرفته است.
مواد و روشها: مطالعه حاضر به صورت مقطعی تحلیلی بر روی 200 نفر از بیماران مبتلا به آسم شهر اراک که با روش نمونه گیری آسان انتخاب شدند، در سال 1403 انجام پذیرفت. ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات پرسشنامه استاندارد سنجش کنترل آسم و پرسشنامه محقق ساخته مدل اعتقاد بهداشتی بود. داده ها از طریق مصاحبه و پرونده اطلاعات بیماران جمع آوری و با استفاده از آزمونهای رگرسیون، ضریب همبستگی و کروسکال والیس آنالیز گردید.
نتایج: میانگین سنی جمعیت مورد مطالعه 48/10 ± 41/49 سال و میانگین سال های ابتلا به آسم در این جمعیت 75/10 ± 18/14 سال بود. میانگین و انحراف معیار کنترل آسم بیماران 29/5±81/13 ( دامنه 5 تا25) بود که به ترتیب تعداد 168 نفر (84%) دارای کنترل ضعیف، تعداد 19نفر (5/9%) کنترل متوسط و تعداد 13 نفر (5/6%) دارای کنترل خوب بودند. بیشترین ضریب همبستگی مثبت با عملکرد را به ترتیب حساسیت درک شده با ضریب همبستگی 514/0 و کنترل بیماری آسم 39/0 و خودکارآمدی با ضریب همبستگی 275/0 دارا بوده است (001/0>p). بر اساس آنالیز رگرسیون سازه های حساسیت درک شده، خودکارآمدی و موانع درک شده به عنوان قوی‌ترین پیش گویی کننده های رفتار و مجموعا به میزان 31/0 محاسبه گردید.
نتیجه گیری: اکثریت بیماران دارای کنترل ضعیف آسم بودند. نتایج این مطالعه می تواند در ارائه مداخلات آموزشی با تاکید بر سازه های پیش گویی کننده رفتارهای کنترل آسم مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. همچنین تأسیس واحد مشاوره در بیمارستان ها و کلینیک های تخصصی آسم برای آموزش مهارت های خود مدیریتی به بیماران آسمی پیشنهاد می گردد.
Introduction: Asthma is one of the most common respiratory disorders, the management of which requires understanding the attitudinal and behavioral bases of patients. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the level of asthma control in asthma patients referred to Amir al-Momenin Hospital in Arak based on the health belief model.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 patients with asthma in Arak city who were selected by convenient sampling method in 2024. The data collection tools were the standard asthma control assessment questionnaire and the researcher-made health belief model questionnaire. Data were collected through interviews and patient information files and analyzed using regression, correlation coefficient, and Kruskal-Wallis tests.
Results: The mean age of the study population was 49.41 ± 10.48 years and the mean years of asthma in this population was 14.18 ± 10.75 years. The mean and standard deviation of asthma control of patients was 13.81 ± 5.29 (range 5 to 25), of which 168 patients (84%) had poor control, 19 patients (9.5%) had moderate control, and 13 patients (6.5%) had good control. The highest positive correlation coefficient with performance was perceived sensitivity with a correlation coefficient of 0.514, asthma control with 0.39, and self-efficacy with a correlation coefficient of 0.275 (p<0.001). Based on the regression analysis of the perceived sensitivity constructs, self-efficacy and perceived barriers were calculated as the strongest predictors of behavior and were calculated to be 0.31 in total.
Conclusion: The majority of patients had poor asthma control. The results of this study can be used in providing educational interventions with emphasis on predictive constructs. It is also recommended to establish a counseling unit in hospitals and specialized asthma clinics to teach self-management skills to asthma patients.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Measuring asthma control in asthma patients referred to Amir al-Momenin Hospital in Arak based on the health belief model

نویسندگان [English]

  • fatemeh baghery 1
  • mohsen shamsi 2
  • reza darvishi cheshmeh soltani 3
  • Rah matollah Moradzadeh 4
  • Nasrin Roozbahani 2
1 1Student Research Committee, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran, (email: f97bagheri@gmail.com)
3 Department of environmental health enginerring School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran,
4 Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Asthma is one of the most common respiratory disorders, the management of which requires understanding the attitudinal and behavioral bases of patients.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 patients with asthma in Arak city who were selected by convenient sampling method in 2024. The data collection tools were the standard asthma control assessment questionnaire and the researcher-made health belief model questionnaire. Data were collected through interviews and patient information files and analyzed using regression, correlation coefficient, and Kruskal-Wallis tests.
Results: mean years of asthma in this population was 14.18 ± 10.75 years. The mean and standard deviation of asthma control of patients was 13.81 ± 5.29 (range 5 to 25), of which 168 patients (84%) had poor control, 19 patients (9.5%) had moderate control, and 13 patients (6.5%) had good control. The highest positive correlation coefficient with performance was perceived sensitivity with a correlation coefficient of 0.514, asthma control with 0.39, and self-efficacy with a correlation coefficient of 0.275 (p<0.001). Based on the regression analysis of the perceived sensitivity constructs, self-efficacy and perceived barriers were calculated as the strongest predictors of behavior and were calculated to be 0.31 in total.
Conclusion: The majority of patients had poor asthma control. The results of this study can be used in providing educational interventions with emphasis on predictive constructs. It is also recommended to establish a counseling unit in hospitals and specialized asthma clinics to teach self-management skills to asthma patients.

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دانشور پزشکی
دوره 33، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 176
فروردین و اردیبهشت 1404
صفحه 37-46

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