Daneshvar Medicine

Daneshvar Medicine

The effect of exercise on cellular and molecular mechanisms (regulation of calcium and cell growth) of heart tissue in the rat

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Mostafa Setamdideh
Kamal Azizbeigi
Zaher Eatemad
Khalid Mohamadzadeh
Department of Physical Education, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
10.22070/daneshmed.2021.14385.1070
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise on cellular and molecular mechanisms (regulation of calcium and cell growth) of heart tissue.
Materials and Methods: The research method was experimental and for this purpose, 24 male Wistar rats with a weight range of 200±20 g and age of eight-weeks were prepared and randomly divided into three groups: control, intense periodic training and continuous training. Intense periodic training protocol; 30 minutes of intermittent running and sub-maximum continuous group (30 to 60 minutes) were performed five days a week for 8 weeks. Gene expression of the desired variables was measured in cardiac tissue.
Results: There was a significant difference between the eight-weeks of intense and sub-maximum intermittent training compared to the control group in the amount of gene expression changes in all three variables (TGF-ß1, SERCA2a, PI3K)(p<0.05). Intermittent and continuous exercise (both relative to control) leads to a significant increase in  TGF-1 gene expression in the heart of male Wistar rats. The results showed that the amount of PI3K enzyme in the sub-maximal continuous and intense periodic training had a significant increase compared to the control group, there was no difference between the severe periodic group and the control group and there was no significant difference between the two training groups in the amount of SERCA2a.
Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, higher training intensity can better perform cellular and molecular regulation, which requires more research in the future. The findings of the present study have been cautiously expressed and further research is needed in the future.
Keywords
Endurance training
Intense periodic training
Calcium deficiency
Heart tissue
  1. Dhondup Y, Sjaastad, I, Scott H, Sandanger, Zhang, L. Sustained Toll-Like Receptor 9 Activation Promotes Systemic and Cardiac Inflammation, and Aggravates Diastolic Heart Failure in SERCA2a KO Mice. PloS One 2015;10(10):e0139715.
  2. Zhao G, Li T, Brochet DX, Rosenberg PB, Lederer WJ. STIM1 enhances SR Ca2+ content through binding phospholamban in rat ventricular myocytes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2015;112(34):E4792-801. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1423295112
  3. Santoso NG, Cebotaru L, Guggino WB. Polycystin-1, 2, and STIM1 interact with IP3R to modulate ER Ca2+ release through the PI3K/Akt pathway. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 2011;27(6):715-26. https://doi.org/10.1159/000330080
  4. Flück M, Ziemiecki A, Billeter R, Müntener M. Fibre-type specific concentration of focal adhesion kinase at the sarcolemma: influence of fibre innervation and regeneration. Journal of Experimental Biology 2002;205(16):2337-48. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.205.16.2337
  5. Nordlie M, Wold L, Kloner R. Genetic contributors toward increased risk for ischemic heart disease. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 2005;39(4):667-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yjmcc.2005.06.006
  6. Lu K, Wang L, Wang C, Yang Y, Hu D, Ding R. Effects of high-intensity interval versus continuous moderate intensity aerobic exercise on apoptosis, oxidative stress and metabolism of the infarcted myocardium in a rat model. Molecular Medicine Reports 2015;12(2):2374-82. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.3669
  7. Gharaat MA, Kashef M, Jameie B, Rajabi H. Effect of endurance and high intensity interval swimming training on cardiac structure and Hand2 expression of rats. Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences 2017;25(9):748-58.
  8. Wisloff U, Loennechen J, Currie S, Smith G, Ellingsen O. Aerobic exercise reduces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and increases contractility, Ca2-sensitivity and SERCA2 in rat after myocardial infarction. International Cardiovascular Research 2002;54:162–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6363(01)00565-X
  9. Golbashi R, Gaeini A, Kordi MR, Aboutaleb N, Ghardashi Afousi A. Effect of one period of high-intensity interval training on myocardial collagen-1 and TGF-β1 and cardiac function in post ischemia-reperfusion rats. Daneshvar Medicine 2018;25(135):65-74.
  10. Rognmo O, Moholdt T, Bakken H, Hole T, Molstad P, Myhr N and et al. Cardiovascular risk of high - versus moderate -intensity aerobic exercise in coronary heart disease patients. Circulation 2012; 126 (12): 1436-1440.
  11. Kemi J, Ellingsen O, Ceci M, Grimaldi S, Smith G, Condorelli G and et al. Aerobic interval training enhances cardiomyocyte contractility and Ca2+ cycling by phosphorylation of CaMKII and Thr-17 of phospholamban. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 2007;43:354-361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yjmcc.2007.06.013
  12. Høydal MA, Wisløff U, Kemi OJ, Ellingsen Ø. Running speed and maximal oxygen uptake in rats and mice: practical implications for exercise training. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation 2007;14(6):753-60. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJR.0b013e3281eacef1
  13. Wisløff U, Loennechen JP, Currie S, Smith GL, Ellingsen Ø. Aerobic exercise reduces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and increases contractility, Ca2+ sensitivity and SERCA-2 in rat after myocardial infarction. Cardiovascular Research 2002;54(1):162-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6363(01)00565-X
  14. Jessup M, Greenberg B, Mancini D, Cappola T, Pauly DF, Jaski B, et al. Calcium upregulation by percutaneous administration of gene therapy in cardiac disease (cupid) clinical perspective. Circulation 2011;124(3):304-13. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.022889
  15. Jorge, L. Rodrigues, B. Rosa, K. Cardiac and peripheral adjustments induced by early exercise training intervention were associated with autonomic improvement in infarcted rats: role in functional capacity and mortality. European Heart Journal 2010 ehq244. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehq244
  16. Natan DA SILVA JR, Fernandes T, Soci UP, Monteiro AW, Phillips MI, et al. Swimming training in rats increases cardiac MicroRNA-126 expression and angiogenesis. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 2012;44(8):1453-62. doi: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31824e8a36
  17. Tao L, Bei Y, Zhang H, Xiao J, Li X. Exercise for the heart: signaling pathways. Oncotarget 2015;6(25):20773. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.4770
  18. Hyo- B. Aging, exercise, and extracellilar matrix in the heart. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation 2013;9(3):338-347. doi: 10.12965/jer.130049
  19. Habibian M, Saghafi M, Farzanegi P. The effect of regular swimming exercise on the levels of renal matrix mettaloproteinase-2 and transforming growth factor-β1 in rats with diabetes 2016;23(4):446-456.
  20. Fathi M. The effect of endurance exercise on myh6 gene expression and structural and functional changes of left ventricular. Qom University of Medical Scienes Journal 2016;9(11): 22-32.
Daneshvar Medicine
Volume 29, Issue 5 - Serial Number 156
November and December 2021
Pages 14-25