Relationship between the milk bacterial phyla and the amount of dietary macronutrients and micronutrients intake in lactating mothers with high body mass index compared to the normal: a case-control study

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Microbiology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran

2 Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran

3 Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran

Abstract

Objective: In the present study, the amount of the four main phyla in obese lactating mothers and mothers with a normal body mass index was evaluated and their relationship with the amount of macro- and micronutrient’s intake was investigated.
Materials and Methods: 30 mothers with high BMI (greater-equal to 23 kg/m2) and 30 mothers with normal BMI (between 18.5-24.9 kg/m2) who were in the fourth month of breastfeeding were selected from the health centers of Zanjan city. The milk sample was collected under completely sterile conditions. Bacterial DNA was extracted and amplification of 16S rRNA gene was done by qPCR method using universal bacterial primers. Dietary information was collected using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and validated by a three-day food diary.
Results: Adjusting for all parameters, mothers with a normal body mass index had 1.41 times more Actinobacteria gene in milk (p=0.04). The amount of iron and vitamin C intake showed a significant negative relationship with the Actinobacteria and Firmicutes population in milk, respectively (OR=-2.3, p=0.04, OR=-0.96, p=0.02). Also, the amount of dietary cholesterol showed a significant relationship with the Bacteroidetes population (OR=0.81, p=0.04).
Conclusion: Actinobacteria gene presence, as a beneficial phylum, was higher in lactating mothers with normal than the high body mass index. Dietary Iron and vitamin C were inversely related to the Actinobacteria and Firmicutes population.

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Main Subjects

References

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Daneshvar Medicine
Volume 32, Issue 3 - Serial Number 172
September and October 2024
Pages 12-23

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