The effect of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise in water on lipid profile and plasma levels of endothelin 1 in elderly men with prehypertension

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 The effect of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise in water on lipid profile and plasma levels of endothelin 1 in elderly men with prehypertension

2 Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili، Ardabil، Iran

3 Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran

Abstract

Background and Objective: Lipid profile changes and increased vascular resistance are among the most important cardiovascular risk factors in old age. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise in water on the lipid profile and plasma levels of endothelin 1 in elderly men with prehypertension.
Materials and Methods: 34 elderly men with prehypertension were randomly divided into two equal groups of exercise in water and control (N=17). Before and after the intervention, blood sampling was done to measure lipid indices and plasma levels of endothelin 1. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to check the normality of the data, as well as the correlated t-test and the independent t-test respectively was used to check intragroup changes and intergroup differences at a significance level of less than 0.05.
Results: In the training group, fat percentage (P=0.03), weight (P=0.01), body mass index (P=0.01), blood pressure (P=0.001), TG (P=0.00), cholesterol (01 (P=0.02), LDL (P=0.02) and plasma levels of endothelin 1 (P=0.002) had a significant decrease compared to the control group. However, no significant difference was observed in the HDL index of the two groups.
Conclusion: Water exercise, while improving lipid indices, led to a decrease in endothelin-1 levels. It seems that according to the physical conditions of the elderly, performing aerobic exercises in water as a substitute for exercises on land has beneficial effects on the cardiovascular risk indicators of the elderly with high blood pressure; Based on this, experts in the field of sports should pay special attention to this type of exercises in designing sports exercises for the elderly.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Steenman M, Lande G. Cardiac aging and heart disease in humans. Biophysical Reviews 2017;9(2):131-7.
  2. Li KZ, Bherer L, Mirelman A, Maidan I, Hausdorff JM. Cognitive involvement in balance, gait and dual-tasking in aging: a focused review from a neuroscience of aging perspective. Frontiers in Neurology 2018;9:913.
  3. Yaghoubi M, Esmailzadeh H, Yaghoubi G. Relationship between physical activity and prevalence of obesity and overweight in the disabled and veterans. Journal of Military Medicine 2013.
  4. Maleki S, Behpoor N, Tadibi V. Effect of 8 weeks of resistance training and supplementation of cinnamon on plasma levels of leptin and adiponectin in overweight women. Journal of Practical Studies of Biosciences in Sport 2020;8(16):132-42.
  5. Tian D, Meng J. Exercise for prevention and relief of cardiovascular disease: prognoses, mechanisms, and approaches. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity. 2019;2019.
  6. Eghbali F, Moradi M. The effect of a course of pilates exercise on hypertension, nitric oxide, and resting heart rate in the eldrly men with hypertension. Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences2017;19(11):1-10.
  7. Iovino M, Lisco G, Giagulli VA, Vanacore A, Pesce A, Guastamacchia E, et al. Angiotensin II-vasopressin interactions in the regulation of cardiovascular functions. evidence for an impaired hormonal sympathetic reflex in hypertension and congestive heart failure. Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders-Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets-Immune, Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders) 2021;21(10):1830-44.
  8. Ramezani S, Parasteah M, Zohrehvandian K. The effect of resistance training on plasma levels of endothelin 1 and blood pressure in older men. Journal of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences 2020;12(3):31-39.
  9. Davenport AP, Hyndman KA, Dhaun N, Southan C, Kohan DE, Pollock JS, et al. Endothelin. Pharmacological Reviews 2016;68(2):357-418.
  10. Faramarzi M, Azamiyan Jozi A, Ghasemiyan A. The effect of resistance exercise on endothelin-1 conecntation, systolic and diastolic blood pressure of older women. Applied Research in Sport Management 2012;1(1):95-104.
  11. Yaghoubi M, Bolboli L, Naghizadeh A, Valizadeh A, Safarzadeh S. Effect of caffeine on blood pressure during resistance exercise in sedentary healthy male. Journal of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences 2014;14(1):79-87.
  12. Wang Y, Xu D. Effects of aerobic exercise on lipids and lipoproteins. Lipids in Health and Disease 2017;16(1):1-8.
  13. Yaghoubi M, Ramezani S, Shamsi B, Barfi V. The effect of a water exercise course on body composition and quality of life of overweight elderly men. Journal of Marine Medicine 2022;3(4):180-7.
  14. Ramezani S, Parasteah M, Zohrehvandian K. The effect of resistance training on plasma levels of endothelin 1 and blood pressure in older men. Journal of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences 2020;12(3):31-9.
  15. Haghshenas R, Ebrahimi M, Nazemian S. The acute effect of high intensity aerobic training on ANP and Endothelin-1 in obese women. International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology 2017;6(1).
  16. Rezaeipour M, Apanasenko GL. Acute improvement of postural steadiness through neuromuscular and proprioceptive training in sedentary older females. Middle East Journal of Rehabilitation and Health Studies 2020;7(4).
  17. Simas V, Hing W, Pope R, Climstein M. Effects of water-based exercise on bone health of middle-aged and older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine 2017;8:39.
  18. Rodica-Georgeta C, Gheorghe S. Aquatic therapy: some theoretical considerations about Bad Ragaz Ring Method. Ovidius University Annals, Series Physical Education & Sport/Science, Movement & Health 2022;22(2).
  19. Borsetto D, Corazzi V, Franchella S, Bianchini C, Pelucchi S, Obholzer R, et al. The influence of hearing aids on balance control: a systematic review. Audiology and Neurotology 2020:1-9.
  20. Mir Nasuri R, Yaghoubi M, Chezani Sharahi A, Ramezani S. The Effect of a Selected Period of Exercise in Water on Cardiovascular Risk Indicators of Overweight Elderly Men. Journal of Vessels and Circulation 2021;2(3):129-36.
  21. Sardeli AV. Complacência arterial central após protocolos de exercício de força em idosos= Central arterial compliance afer resistance exercise protocols in elderly: [sn]; 2015.
  22. Ramezani S, Porrahim Ghouroghchi A, Yaghobi M, Afroundeh R, Rasouli M. The effect of eight weeks of resistance training on the plasma levels of preptin and endothelin 1 in men with type 2 diabetes. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism 2023;23(2):80-90.
  23. Mohammadi R, Fathei M, Hejazi K. Effect of eight-weeks aerobic training on serum levels of nitric oxide and endothelin-1 in overweight elderly men. Iranian Journal of Ageing 2018;13(1):74-85.
  24. Krishnan K, Abadi FH, Choo LA, Zainudin FF, Motevalli S. Comparison between aquatic and thera-band exercises on pain intensity and endurance among obese individuals with knee osteoarthritis. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences 2022;10.
  25. Ochoa Martínez PY, Hall López JA, Alarcón Meza EI, Piña Díaz D, Estélio Henrique MD. Efecto de tres meses de un programa de ejercicio acuático en la composición corporal de adultas mayores. International Journal of Morphology 2014;32(4):1248-53.
  26. Mohammadrahim G, Attarzadeh hoseyni Sr. The effect of aerobic training and diet on lipid profile and liver enzymes in obese women with type II diabetes. Daneshvar Med 2020; (5):41-50.
  27. yaghoubi M, ramezanii S. The effect of resistance training at home on different dimensions of quality of life, blood pressure and indices of abdominal obesity in the elderly during covid -19 quarantine. Caspian Journal of Health and Aging 2021;5(2):70-84.
  28. Aronow WS. Treating hypertension and prehypertension in older people: When, whom and how. Maturitas. 2015;80(1):31-6.
  29. Ramezani S, Biniaz SA, Yaqoubi M, Akbarpor Beni M. The effect of muscle endurance training on blood pressure, resting heart rate and endothelin-1 levels in inactive men. Journal of Vessels and Circulation 2021;2(1):9-16.
  30. Mir NR, Yaghoubi M, Chezani SA, Ramezani S. The effect of a selected period of exercise in water on cardiovascular risk indicators of overweight elderly men . Journal of Vessels and Circulation 2021; 2(3):129-136.
  31. da Silva LH, de Campos LW, Chicon PMM, Garces SBB, de Rosso Krug M, Xavier AJ, de Rosso Krug R. Effects of a group using digital technologies and physical activity on cognition and health of the elderly. PAJAR-Pan-American Journal of Aging Research 2022;10(1):e43154-e.
  32. Peace A, Van Mil A, Jones H, Thijssen DH. Similarities and differences between carotid artery and coronary artery function. Current Cardiology Reviews 2018;14(4):254-63.
  33. Park SH, Yoon ES, Jae SY. Seven days breaking up prolonged sitting improves systemic endothelial function in sedentary men. Exercise Science 2017;26(1):61-68.
  34. Fahs CA, Rossow LM, Loenneke JP, Thiebaud RS, Kim D, Bemben DA, Bemben MG. Effect of different types of lower body resistance training on arterial compliance and calf blood flow. Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging 2012;32(1):45-51.
  35. Rodríguez-Pascual F, Busnadiego O, Lagares D, Lamas S. Role of endothelin in the cardiovascular system. Pharmacological Research 2011;63(6):463-472.
  36. Maeda S, Otsuki T, Iemitsu M, Kamioka M, Sugawara J, Kuno S, et al. Effects of leg resistance training on arterial function in older men. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2006;40(10):867-9.
  37. KhajehLandi M, Bolboli L, Bolbol S, Zabihi B. Effect of one course pilates exercise program on serum levels of resistin, visfatin, and chemerin in overweight women. The Horizon of Medical Sciences 2020;27(1):93-113.
  38. Zanetti HR, da Cruz LG, Lourenço CLM, Ribeiro GC, de Jesus Leite MAF, Neves FF, et al. Nonlinear resistance training enhances the lipid profile and reduces inflammation marker in people living with HIV: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Physical Activity and Health 2016;13(7):765-770.
  39. Tartibian B, Kushkestani M, Ebrahimpour Nosrani S. The effect of 12-week endurance training on lipid profiles and fat percentage of overweight girls. New Approaches in Sport Sciences 2019;1(1):189-200.
  40. Lee KY, Hui-Chan CW, Tsang WW. The effects of practicing sitting Tai Chi on balance control and eye-hand coordination in the older adults: a randomized controlled trial. Disability and Rehabilitation 2015;37(9):790-794.
  41. Ghanbari-Niaki A, Rahmati-Ahmadabad S, Broom DR, Kolbadinejad A-A, Nikbakht J, Hofmeister M. Effects of endurance training with or without rosehip fruits (rosa canina l) extraction and d-galactose solution on plasmatic liver enzymes, lipid profiles, selected biochemical variables in male rats. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 2022;65.
  42. Moraleda BR, Morencos E, Peinado AB, Bermejo L, Candela CG, Benito PJ, group PS. Can the exercise mode determine lipid profile improvements in obese patients? Nutrición Hospitalaria 2013;28(3):607-617.
  43. David GB, Schaun GZ, Mendes AR, Nunes GN, Bocalini DS, Pinto SS, Alberton CL. Short-term effects of land-based versus water-based resistance training protocols on post-exercise hypotension in normotensive men: a crossover study. Sports 2022;10(11):181.
  44. Amooali N, Daryanoosh F, BabaeeBaigi MA, Mohamadi M. The impact of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise on serum levels of cardiotrophin-1, blood pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive elderly women. Journal of Advances in Medical and Biomedical Research 2016;24(106):1-9.
  45. Facioli TdP, Buranello MC, Regueiro EMG, Basso-Vanelli RP, Durand MdT. Effect of physical training on nitric oxide levels in patients with arterial hypertension: an integrative review. International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences 2021;35(2):253-64. 
Daneshvar Medicine
Volume 32, Issue 2 - Serial Number 171
July and August 2024
Pages 39-51

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics