Daneshvar Medicine

Daneshvar Medicine

The effect of hydroalcoholic extract of anise on the activity of liver enzymes in rats on a high-fat diet

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Shayan Eivazzade 1
Gholamali Naderi 2
Narges Haddadzadeh Niri 3
Mehrdad Roghani 4
1 School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
4 Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
10.22070/daneshmed.2023.17341.1321
Abstract
Background and Objective: High-cholesterol diet and ensuing inflammation cause liver disorders and damage. Considering the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of the anise plant, the effect of its hydroalcoholic extract on the activity of liver enzymes was assessed in rats under a high-cholesterol diet.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, rats were divided into control, extract-treated control, high cholesterol diet, and extract-treated high cholesterol diet. After 8 weeks, that the control groups received normal food and the high-fat groups received high-cholesterol food, treated groups also received extract at a dose of 250 mg/kg (i.p.) for 3 weeks and consumption of high-cholesterol diet continued till the end of study. At the end, after obtaining blood samples, serum activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes was measured. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests were used for the statistical analysis of data.
Results: High-cholesterol diet significantly increased serum activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase. Conversely, extract treatment of the group under a high-cholesterol diet caused a significant decrease in the activity of these enzymes.
Conclusion: Consumption of anise hydroalcoholic extract under a high-cholesterol diet reduces the serum level of liver enzymes and this may lower the incidence of liver diseases.
Keywords
Anise
Inflammation
Aminotransferase
Alkaline phosphatase
High-cholesterol diet
  1. Maretti-Mira AC, Salomon MP, Hsu AM, Kanel GC, Golden-Mason L. Hepatic damage caused by long-term high cholesterol intake induces a dysfunctional restorative macrophage population in experimental NASH. Frontiers in Immunology. 2022;13.
  2. Song Y, Liu J, Zhao K, Gao L, Zhao J. Cholesterol-induced toxicity: An integrated view of the role of cholesterol in multiple diseases. Cell Metabolism. 2021;33(10):1911-25.
  3. Kopin L, Lowenstein CJ. Dyslipidemia. Annals of internal medicine. 2017;167(11):ITC81-ITC96.
  4. Nunez DJ, Alexander M, Yerges-Armstrong L, Singh G, Byttebier G, Fabbrini E, et al. Factors influencing longitudinal changes of circulating liver enzyme concentrations in subjects randomized to placebo in four clinical trials. American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. 2019;316(3):G372-G86.
  5. Cacciola I, Scoglio R, Alibrandi A, Squadrito G, Raimondo G. Evaluation of liver enzyme levels and identification of asymptomatic liver disease patients in primary care. Internal and emergency medicine. 2017;12:181-6.
  6. Alomar HA, Fathallah N, Abdel-Aziz MM, Ibrahim TA, Elkady WM. GC-MS Profiling, Anti-Helicobacter pylori, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Three Apiaceous Fruits’ Essential Oils. Plants. 2022;11(19):2617.
  7. Es-Safi I, Mechchate H, Amaghnouje A, Elbouzidi A, Bouhrim M, Bencheikh N, et al. Assessment of antidepressant-like, anxiolytic effects and impact on memory of pimpinella anisum l. Total extract on swiss albino mice. Plants. 2021;10(8):1573.
  8. Fitsiou E, Mitropoulou G, Spyridopoulou K, Tiptiri-Kourpeti A, Vamvakias M, Bardouki H, et al. Phytochemical profile and evaluation of the biological activities of essential oils derived from the Greek aromatic plant species Ocimum basilicum, Mentha spicata, Pimpinella anisum and Fortunella margarita. Molecules. 2016;21(8):1069.
  9. Ghosh A, Saleh‐e‐In MM, Abukawsar MM, Ahsan MA, Rahim MM, Bhuiyan MNH, et al. Characterization of quality and pharmacological assessment of Pimpinella anisum L.(Anise) seeds cultivars. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization. 2019;13:2672-85.
  10. Jamshidzadeh A, Heidari R, Razmjou M, Karimi F, Moein MR, Farshad O, et al. An in vivo and in vitro investigation on hepatoprotective effects of Pimpinella anisum seed essential oil and extracts against carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity. Iranian journal of basic medical sciences. 2015;18(2):205.
  11. Lavaee F, Moghaddas A, Modarresi F, Nowrouzi M. The Effect of Pimpinella Anisum and Origanum Vulgare Extracts Against Streptococcus Sanguinis, Streptococcus Mutans, and Streptococcus Salivarius. Journal of Dentistry. 2022;23(2):113-20.
  12. Bolouki E, Naderi G, Roghani M, Zahedi E. The effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Ruta graveolens on oxidative stress markers and cholinesterase in brain rats receiving high-cholesterol diet. Daneshvar Medicine. 2020;26(6):41-50.
  13. Asadollahpoor A, Abdollahi M, Rahimi R. Pimpinella anisum L. fruit: Chemical composition and effect on rat model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of research in medical sciences: the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. 2017;22.
  14. Haddadzadeh Niri N, Khalili M, Taleahmad F, Joneidi E, Roghani M. The effect of diosgenin on mitochondrial health and neutrophil infiltration indices in methotrexate-induced liver damage in the rat. Daneshvar Medicine. 2022;30(3):62-71.
  15. Qian W, Hasegawa J, Cai X, Yang J, Ishihara Y, Ping B, et al. Components of boiogito suppress the progression of hypercholesterolemia and fatty liver induced by high-cholesterol diet in rats. Yonago Acta medica. 2016;59(1):67.
  16. Csonka C, Baranyai T, Tiszlavicz L, Fébel H, Szűcs G, Varga ZV, et al. Isolated hypercholesterolemia leads to steatosis in the liver without affecting the pancreas. Lipids in health and disease. 2017;16(1):1-14.
  17. Abukhalil MH, Hussein OE, Bin-Jumah M, Saghir SA, Germoush MO, Elgebaly HA, et al. Farnesol attenuates oxidative stress and liver injury and modulates fatty acid synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase in high cholesterol-fed rats. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020;27:30118-32.
  18. Choi DJ, Kim SC, Park GE, Choi B-R, Lee DY, Lee Y-S, et al. Protective effect of a mixture of Astragalus membranaceus and lithospermum erythrorhizon extract against hepatic steatosis in high fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease mice. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2020;2020.
  19. Hashem AS, Ramadan MM, Abdel-Hady AA, Sut S, Maggi F, Dall’Acqua S. Pimpinella anisum essential oil nanoemulsion toxicity against Tribolium castaneum? Shedding light on its interactions with aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase by molecular docking. Molecules. 2020;25(20):4841.
  20. Faried MA, El-Mehi AES. Aqueous anise extract alleviated the pancreatic changes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model via modulation of hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress, apoptosis and autophagy: a biochemical, histological and immunohistochemical study. Folia Morphologica (Warsz). 2020;79(3):489-502.
  21. Hashemnia M, Nikousefat Z, Mohammadalipour A, Zangeneh M-M, Zangeneh A. Wound healing activity of Pimpinella anisum methanolic extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Wound Care. 2019;28(Sup10):S26-S36.
  22. Ghlissi Z, Kallel R, Krichen F, Hakim A, Zeghal K, Boudawara T, et al. Polysaccharide from Pimpinella anisum seeds: Structural characterization, anti-inflammatory and laser burn wound healing in mice. International journal of biological macromolecules. 2020;156:1530-8.
Daneshvar Medicine
Volume 31, Issue 3 - Serial Number 166
September and October 2023
Pages 45-54