Daneshvar Medicine

Daneshvar Medicine

Survey the synergistic effect of the cotrimoxazole and Nigella sativa extract on methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Pooneh Mohammadpour 1
Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi 2
Mohammad Niakan 3
Fardin Rahimi 3
Fatemeh Haghirsadat 4
1 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
2 Nanobiotechnology Research Group and Research Laboratory of Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
3 Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
4 Department of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, School of Paramedicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
10.22070/daneshmed.2023.16718.1260
Abstract
Background and Objective: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most important pathogens causes of hospital infections in the world, which has become resistant to many common antibiotics. Increasing antibiotic resistance in bacteria has increased attention to herbal medicines and natural antimicrobial substances. Due to its metabolites such as thymoquinone, Nigella sativa has various effects, including antibacterial properties. This research was conducted to determine the antibacterial effect of Nigella sativa extract and the cotrimoxazole, as well as the combined effect of these two substances on the standard MRSA strain in laboratory conditions.
Materials and Methods: In this study antimicrobial effects of Nigella sativa extract and cotrimoxazole separately and together using the checkerboard method on MRSA (ATCC33591) standard strain were investigated by microdilution method and their minimum growth inhibitory concentration (MIC) were determined.
Results: Cotrimoxazole antibiotic at MIC of 5 μg/ml and Nigella sativa extract at 4.687 mg/ml prevented the growth of the target bacteria. When combining both of them were tested, the MIC concentration for both extract and antibiotic combinations was significantly reduced. These values ​​were reduced to 0.292 mg/ml for the extract and 2 μg/ml for the antibiotic.
Conclusion: According to the obtained results, the antibacterial activity of Nigella sativa ethanolic extract and cotrimoxazole have a synergistic effect on MRSA. Thus, we can use the combination both of antibacterial agents for improving the antimicrobial effect.
Keywords
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Nigella sativa
Cotrimoxazole
Antibacterial activity
  1. Rodríguez-Baño J, López-Prieto M D, Portillo M M, Retamar P, Natera C, Nuño E, et al. Epidemiology and clinical features of community-acquired, healthcare-associated and nosocomial bloodstream infections in tertiary-care and community hospitals. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2010;16(9):1408-1413.
  2. Clauditz A, Resch A, Wieland K-P, Peschel A, Götz F. Staphyloxanthin plays a role in the fitness of Staphylococcus aureus and its ability to cope with oxidative stress. Infection and Immunity 2006;74(8):4950-4953.
  3. Kluytmans J, van Belkum A, Verbrugh H. Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus: epidemiology, underlying mechanisms, and associated risks. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 1997;10(3):505-520.
  4. Rahimi F, Bouzari M, Katouli M, Pourshafie M R. Prophage typing of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus isolated from a tertiary care hospital in tehran, iran. Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology 2012;6(1):80-85.
  5. Bien J, Sokolova O, Bozko P. Characterization of Virulence Factors of Staphylococcus aureus: Novel Function of Known Virulence Factors That Are Implicated in Activation of Airway Epithelial Proinflammatory Response. Journal of Pathogens 2011;2011:601905-601905.
  6. Becker K, Denis O, Roisin S, Mellmann A, Idelevich E A, Knaack D, et al. Detection of mecA- and mecC-Positive Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolates by the New Xpert MRSA Gen 3 PCR Assay. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2016;54(1):180-184.
  7. Harrison E M, Ba X, Coll F, Blane B, Restif O, Carvell H, et al. Genomic identification of cryptic susceptibility to penicillins and β-lactamase inhibitors in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Nature Microbiology 2019;4(10):1680-1691.
  8. Pathare N A, Tejani S, Asogan H, Al Mahruqi G, Al Fakhri S, Zafarulla R, et al. Comparison of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in Healthy Community Hospital Visitors [CA-MRSA] and Hospital Staff [HA-MRSA]. Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases 2015;7(1):e2015053-e2015053.
  9. Curtis A, Moore Z, Patton D, O'Connor T, Nugent L. Does using a cellular mobile phone increase the risk of nosocomial infections in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A systematic review. Journal of Neonatal Nursing 2018;24(5):247-252.
  10. Mohajeri P, Izadi B, Falahi B. Frequency of hospital-acquired methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus nasal carrier patients, Kermanshah, Iran. Hormozgan Medical Journal 2012;16(3):197-202.
  11. Moradi N, Mousavi A, Rouzrokh S, Javadpour S. Frequency of nasal carriage for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus among the hospital staff – bandar abbas, iran. Hormozgan Medical Journal 2011;15(2).
  12. Khalili M B, Moshref M, Sharifi M, Sadeh M, Sazmand A. Prevalence Of Staphylococcus Aureus (SA) And Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) In Personnel Of Operation Room Of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd, Iran. Payavard Salamat 2013;6(5):392-402.
  13. Niederman M S. Treatment options for nosocomial pneumonia due to MRSA. Journal of Infection 2009;59 Suppl 1:S25-31.
  14. Nurjadi D, Klein S, Hannesen J, Heeg K, Boutin S, Zanger P. Molecular analysis of an increase in trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-resistant MRSA reveals multiple introductions into a tertiary care hospital, Germany 2012-19. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2021;77(1):38-48.
  15. Rubin R H, Swartz M N. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The New England Journal of Medicine 1980;303(8):426-432.
  16. Niakan M, Miri S R A, Naseri M, Karimi M, Mansouri S. In vitro anti-staphylococcus aureus activity of nigella sativa Seed oil extract, compared with cxm, cec, man and caz antibiotics. Journal of medicinal Plants 2006;5(19):29-33.
  17. Gholamnezhad Z, Havakhah S, Boskabady M H. Preclinical and clinical effects of Nigella sativa and its constituent, thymoquinone: A review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2016;190:372-386.
  18. Hannan A, Saleem S, Chaudhary S, Barkaat M, Arshad M U. Anti bacterial activity of Nigella sativa against clinical isolates of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad 2008;20(3):72-74.
  19. Forouzanfar F, Bazzaz B S, Hosseinzadeh H. Black cumin (Nigella sativa) and its constituent (thymoquinone): a review on antimicrobial effects. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 2014;17(12):929-938.
  20. Shakiba M, Ashrafi F. Evaluation of prevalence of MepA, MdeA, NorA and NorC genes in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from Tehran hospitals. Daneshvar Medicine 2020;28(147):1-13.
  21. Baron E J, Finegold S M. Bailey & Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology. Edition t, editor 1990.
  22. Alizadeh Behbahani B, Noshad M, Falah F. The combined effect of the combined Fennel and Clove essential oils on Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhi and Enterobacter aerogenes using Checkerboard assay (fractional inhibitory concentration index). Iranian Journal of Food Science and Technology 2020;17(106):75-83.
  23. Basri D F, Khairon R. Pharmacodynamic Interaction of Quercus infectoria Galls Extract in Combination with Vancomycin against MRSA Using Microdilution Checkerboard and Time-Kill Assay. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012;2012:493156.
  24. Halawani E. Antibacterial Activity of Thymoquinone and Thymohydroquinone of Nigella sativa and Their Interaction with Some Antibiotics. Advances in Biological Research 2009;3:148-152.
  25. Kouidhi B, Zmantar T, Jrah H, Souiden Y, Chaieb K, Mahdouani K, et al. Antibacterial and resistance-modifying activities of thymoquinone against oral pathogens. Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials 2011;10:29. doi: 10.1186/1476-0711-10-29.
  26. Goudarzi h, Azad M, Navidinia M, Goudarzi M. Antibacterial Activity of Nigella sativa Ethanolic Extract Against Isolated Bacteria from Intensive Care Unit Patients. Internal Medicine Today 2015;21(4):103-108.
  27. Namjoo A, Sadri S M, Rafeian M, Ashrafi K, Shahin Fard N, Ansari samani R, et al. Comparing the Effects of Nigella Sativa Extract and Gentamicin in Treatment of Urinary Tract Infection Caused by Ecoli. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences 2013;22(96):22-29.
  28. Azimi Laysar H, Niakan M, Mohammad Taghi G, Jafarian Z, Mostafavizade M, Niakan S. Comparison of the antibacterial activity of various concentrations of Nigella Sativa and Nanosilver on the growth of S.sanguis and S. mutans. Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science 2013;9(4):179-186.
  29. Sowmya, Raveesha K A. Antibacterial Activity and Time-kill Assay of Terminalia catappa L. and Nigella sativa L. against Selected Human Pathogenic Bacteria. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 2021;15(1):285-299.
  30. Mouwakeh A, Telbisz Á, Spengler G, Mohácsi-Farkas C, Kiskó G. Antibacterial and Resistance Modifying Activities of Nigella sativa Essential Oil and its Active Compounds Against Listeria monocytogenes. In Vivo 2018;32(4):737-743.
  31. Salem E M, Yar T, Bamosa A O, Al-Quorain A, Yasawy M I, Alsulaiman R M, et al. Comparative study of Nigella Sativa and triple therapy in eradication of Helicobacter Pylori in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia. Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology 2010;16(3):207-214.
  32. Ziaei T, Moharreri N, Hosseinzadeh H. Review of pharmacological and toxicological effects of nigella sativa and its active constituents. Journal of Medicinal Plants 2012;11(42).
Daneshvar Medicine
Volume 31, Issue 1 - Serial Number 164
May and June 2023
Pages 13-22