Intensity and type of microbial contamination of cell phones of medical staff in dentistry centers of Shahed University

Authors

Abstract

Background and Objective: Portable electronic devices play an important role in the transmission of hospital pathogens in the hospital environment and in the community. Cell phones used by patients, companions and medical staff can serve as a source for bacterial growth and to transmit microorganisms and spread nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intensity and type of microbial contamination of cell phones of medical staff in dentistry centers of Shahed University.
 
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 160 medical staff in dentistry centers of Shahed University in Tehran, 2018. Wet swab samples were drawn on the whole surface of cell phones and cultured in MacConkey and Blood Agar plates. In addition, a checklist was prepared and demographic information of staff including age, gender, education level, and occupation was recorded in addition to the results of culture of cell phones. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.
 
Results: The results showed that 144 cell phones (90%) were infected and 16 phones (10%) were not infected. The most prevalent bacteria grown were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (25.7%) followed by Micrococcus (24.3%) and Gram-positive bacillus (15.7%). Frequency of bacteria on cell phones was not significantly correlated with basic variables such as center of sampling, age, gender, education level and occupation (P>0.05).
 
Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study and similar studies in this field, it can be concluded that cell phones of medical staffs have harmful bacteria that are the most important causes of infections originating from the medical environment and can range from simple infections to life-threatening infections.

Keywords


1. Akinyemi KO, Atapu AD, Adetona OO, Coker AO. The potential role of mobile phones in the spread of bacterial infections. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 2009; 3(8): 628-32. 2. Yumshu M, Bello M, Sule H. Isolation of bacterial and fungi from personal and public mobile cellphone: A case study of Bayero University Kano (Old Campus). International Journal of Biomedical and Health Sciences 2010; 6(1): 97-102. 3. Alighardashi M, Aeini M, Aeinian F, Mohamadi H. The Amount and Type of Microbial Contamination on Cell Phones of Medical Staff in Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Hamadan, Iran. Health Research Journal 2011;7(6):1-9. 4. Ustun C, Cihangiroglu M. Health care workers' mobile phones: a potential cause of microbial crosscontamination between hospitals and community. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 2012; 9(9): 538-42. 5. Tekerekoglu MS, Duman Y, Serindag A, Cuglan SS, Kaysadu H, Tunc E, et al. Do mobile phones of patients, companions and visitors carry multidrug-resistant hospital pathogens? American Journal of Infection Control 2011; 39(5): 379-81. 6. Jeske HC, Tiefenthaler W, Hohlrieder M, Hinterberger G, Benzer A. Bacterial contamination of anaesthetists' hands by personal mobile phone and fixed phone use in the operating theatre. Anaesthesia 2007; 62(9): 904-6. 7. Rasti F, Asghari E, Shahsavarinia K, Motazedi Z, Dehgani L. [Microbial contamination of health care workers' mobile phones in Sina hospital, Tabriz]. Hayat, Journal of School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences 2016; 22(2): 128-137. 8. Amini M, Vaseie M, Ansari I. The evaluation of nosocomial urinary tract infections and antimicrobial resistance in ICU patients, Tehran, Iran 2012-2016. Acta Medica Mediterranea 2017; 33:945-52. 9. Ulger F, Esen S, Dilek A, Yanik K, Gunaydin M, Leblebicioglu H. Are we aware how contaminated our mobile phones with nosocomial pathogens? Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials 2009; 8: 7. 10. Arora U, Devi P, Chadha A, Malhotra S. Cellphones modern stayhouse for bacterial pathpgens. Journal of Medical Education & Research 2009; 11(3): 127-9. 11. Sadat-Ali M, Al-Omran AK, Azam Q, Bukari H, Al-Zahrani AJ, Al-Turki RA, et al. Bacterial flora on cell phones of health care providers in a teaching institution. American Journal of Infection Control 2010; 38(5): 404-5. 12. Amini M, Ansari I, Vaseie M, Vahidian M. Pattern of antibiotic resistance in nosocomial infections with Gram-negative bacilli in ICU patients (Tehran, Iran) during the years 2012-2014. Journal of Basic and Clinical Pathophysiology 2018;6(1):23-30 13. Chawla K, Mukhopadhayay C, Gurung B, Bhate P, Bairy I. Bacteria Cell phones: Do cell phones carry potential pathogens. Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences 2012; 8(1). Available from: URL: http://www.ojhas.org/issue29/2009-1-8.htm/ 14. Tambekar DH, Gulhane PB, Dahikar SG, Dudhane MN. Nosocomial Hazards of Doctor´s Mobile phones in Hospital. Journal of Medical Sciences 2008; 8(1): 73-6. 15. Cotner S, Navrotski E, Sewera L, Richter SE. Diversity of Culturable Bacteria On Natural Vs Artifical Fabrics. The Internet Journal of Microbiology 2010; 8(2). Available from: http://www.ispub.com/journal/the_internet_journal_ of_microbiology/ 16. Marcham CL. Coats, Ties, Stethoscopes, Cell phones, and ID Badges: Potential Source of Healthcare- Associated Infectins? The University of Oklahoma Environmental Health and Safety Office 2009; 16(1): 1-2. 17. Ramesh J, Carter AO, Campbell MH, Gibbons N, Powlett C, Moseley H, et al. Use of mobile phones by medical staff at Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Barbados: evidence for both benefit and harm. The Journal of Hospital Infection 2008; 70(2): 160-5. 18. Jeske HC, Tiefenthaler W, Hohlrieder M, Hinterberger G, Benzer A. Bacterial contamination of anaesthetists' hands by personal mobile phone and fixed phone use in the operating theatre. Anaesthesia 2007; 62(9): 904-6. 19. Dancer SJ. The role of environmental cleaning in the control of hospital-acquired infection. The Journal of Hospital Infection 2009; 73(4): 378-85. 20. Nilchian F, Falahati F, Narimani T. Cell phone contamination among students and faculty members of the faculty of dentistry of Isfahan university of medical sciences. Journal of Dental Medicine 2018; 31 (3):167-174. 21. Hosseini Fard R, Hosseini Fard R, Moradi M, Hashemipour MA. Evaluation of the Cell Phone Microbial Contamination in Dental and Engineering Schools: Effect of Antibacterial Spray. Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health 2018;8(3-4):143-148. 22. Nasim VS, Al-Hakami A, Bijle MN, Al-Manea SA, Al-Shehri MD, Al-Malki SM. Evaluation of Cellular Phones for Potential Risk of Nosocomial Infection amongst Dental Operators and Auxiliary Staff. Journal of International Oral Health 2015;7(4):51–53. 23. Barari Sawadkohi R, Pornasrollah M, Rajabnia R, Salar N, Bijani A, Mirzapour M. Comparison of the Microbial Colonization of Mobile Phone between Health Care Personnel and Non-Care Personnel of Babol University of Medical Science Hospitals. Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences 2014; 16 (5):67-71 24. Katsuse Kanayama A, Takahashi H, Yoshizawa S, Tateda K, Kaneko A, Kobayashi I. Staphylococcus aureus surface contamination of mobile phones and presence of genetically identical strains on the hands of nursing personnel. American Journal of Infection Control 2017;45(8):929-931.