Comparison of the effectiveness of personal intelligence and body intelligence training on the symptoms of body dysmorphia in cosmetic surgery applicants

Authors

Abstract

Background and Objective: Personal intelligence and body intelligence are the most effective factors on the symptoms of body dysmorphia and can have a basic role for the decrease of cosmetic surgery. This research was performed to compare the effectiveness of personal intelligence and body intelligence training on the symptoms of body dysmorphia in cosmetic surgery applicants.
 
Materials and Methods:  This research was an experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Statistical sample of the present study included 48 applicants who referred to Tabriz cosmetic surgery centers in 2016. They randomly assigned to personal intelligence, body intelligence training groups and control groups. Mayer’s personal intelligence, Anderson’s body intelligence and Rabiei’s body dysmorphic questionnaires were used for data collection. The data was analyzed by mixed ANOVA, Tukey and Bonferroni analysis with SPSS-22 software. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant.
 
Results: Personal intelligence and body intelligence training had significant effects to decreasing the body dysmorphia and aspect of body dysmorphia in cosmetic surgery applicants. But difference effectiveness of these interventions was not significant to treatment of the body dysmorphia and aspect of body dysmorphia in cosmetic surgery applicants.
 
Conclusion: According to the effectiveness of personal and body intelligence training to decreasing the body dysmorphia in the cosmetic surgery applicants, it seems that personal and body intelligence training reduces the cosmetic surgery tendency in applicants. 

Keywords


1. Krieger N, Smith G. Bodies Count and Body Count: Social Epidemiology and Embodying Inequality. Epidemiologic Reviews 2004; 26,940-41. 2. Howson A. Embodying gender. Sage Publications: London; 2005. 3. Gregan K. The Sociology of the body: Mapping the Abstraction of Embodiment. Sage Publications:London 2006. 4. Breuning EE, Oikonomou D, Singh P, Rai JK, Mendonca DA. Cosmetic surgery in the NHS: Applying local and national guidelines. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery 2010; 6: 1437-42. 5. Tavasoli GH, Modiri F.Women's tendency toward cosmetic surgery in Tehran. Women’s Studies 2012; 10(1): 61-82. 6. Khosravi M, Nazari M. The study of relationship between narcissistic disorder and body dysmorphic between applicants and non-applicants for nose cosmetic surgery. Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences 2015; 17 (3):30-39. 7. Gupta R, Huynh M, Lona, H. Body dimorphic Disorder. Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 2013; 32(2): 82-78. 8. Fredrick DA, LeverJJ, Letitia A. Interest in cosmetic surgery and body image: View of men and women across the lifespan. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 2007; 120(5): 1407-15. 9. Mohammadpanah A, Yousefi, R. Assessment of beliefs about appearance and inferiority feeling in cosmetic surgery candidates. Journal of Dermatology and Cosmetic 2011; 2 (2): 85-97. 10. Gardner H. Frames of mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligence. Basic books: New York 2004. 11. Mayer JD, Caruso DR, Panter AT, SaloveyP. The growing significance of hot intelligences. American Psychologist 2012; 67: 502-13. 12. McCallum M, Piper W. Psychological Mindedness: A Contemporary Understanding. Mahwah, New Jersey: London 1997. 13. Narimani M Ghaffari M. The relationship between senses of coherence, self-compassion and personal intelligence with postpartum depression in women.Iranian Journal of Nursing Research 2016; 11 (1):25-33. 14. Mowlaie M, Mikaeili N, Aghababaei N, Ghaffari M. The Relationships of Sense of Coherence and Self-Compassion to Worry: the Mediating Role of Personal Intelligence. Current Psychology 2016; 1: 1-7. 15. Diana M. Art Activity and Personal Intelligence: It's Influence to Children Adaptation Skill (Experiments at Hidayatullah Islamic School). Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research 2015; 3(4):133-139. 16. Martin M, Rippon J. Teacher induction: personal intelligence and the mentoring relationship. Journal of In-Service Education 2003; 29(1): 141-62. 17. Ghaffari M, Abolghasemi A. Relationship of thought-action fusion and personal intelligence with the symptoms of borderline personality disorder in students: The mediating role of affective control. Journal of Research in Behavioral Sciences 2016; 14(2): 80-90. 18. Mayer JD. Personal intelligence: The power of personality and how it shape our lives. Farrar, Straus and Giroux: New York 2015. 19. Anderson R. Body Intelligence Scale: Defining and Measuring the Intelligence of the Body. Journal The Humanistic Psychologist 2006; 34(4): 357–67. 20. Anderson R. Embodied writing: Presencing the body in somatic research, Part I, What is embodied writing. Somatics Magazine-Journal of Mind/Body Arts and Sciences 2002; 13(4): 40–4. 21. AndersonR. Embodied writing: Presencing the body in somatic research, Part II, Research Applications. Somatics Magazine-Journal of Mind/Body Arts and Sciences 2002; 14(1), 40–44. 22. Brani O, Hefferon K, Lomas T, Ivtzan I & Painter J. The Impact of Body Awareness on Subjective Wellbeing:The Role of Mindfulness. International Body Psychotherapy Journal the Art and Science of Somatic Praxis 2014; 13(1): 95-124. 23. Loof H. Pain and fatigue fear- avoidance beliefs in relation to physical activity and body awareness in persons diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. Thesis of Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden 2015. 24. Abramson EE. Body intelligence. McGraw-Hill: New Yurok; 2005. 25. Cardillo J. Body intelligence: harness your body energies for your best life. Atria Books: New Yurok 2015. 26. Dehdari T, Khanipou A, Khazir Z, Dehdari L. Predict the intention to perform cosmetic surgery on female college students based on the theory of reasoned action. Military Caring Sciences 2015; 1 (2):109-115. 27. Tahmasbi S, Tahmasbi Z, Yaghmaie. Factors related to cosmetic surgery based on theory of reasoned action in shahrekord students. Journal of Holistic Nursing and Midwifery 2015; 24 (4):53-61. 28. Pallant J. SPSS survival manual: a step by step guide to data analysis using spss for windows. Australia: Allen & Unwin Publication 2007. 29. Mayer JD, Panter AT & Caruso D R. Test of Personal Intelligence mini marker-12 (TOPI INI-12) (2nded): Brief Manual. Unpublished manuscript. University of New Hampshire 2013. 30. Park SG, Kim H M & Lee H S. A study on the application of a measuring instrument of the body insight: focusing on people with physical disabilities in sport for all. Korean Council Physics Multi Health Disability 2013; 56:41-58. 31. Rabiei M, Salahian A, Bahrami F, Palahang H. Construction and Standardization of the Body Dysmorphic Metacognition Questionnaire. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences 2011; 21 (83):43-52. 32. Lobel T. Sensation: The New Science of Physical Intelligence. New York City: Brilliance Audio Publication 2014.