Shahed University Daneshvar Medicine 2716-9723 29 6 2022 02 20 Relationship of general health status (Goldberg method) with socioeconomic position and demographic features in Sardasht chemical veterans Relationship of general health status (Goldberg method) with socioeconomic position and demographic features in Sardasht chemical veterans 1 13 3513 10.22070/daneshmed.2021.15304.1137 FA Leila Nasiri Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Mohammadreza Vaezmahdavi Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Tooba Ghazanfari Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Sussan Kaboudanian Ardestani Department of Immunology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran , Iran Hossein Hassanpour Department of Gametes and Cloning, Research Institute of Animal Embryo Technology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran Journal Article 2021 08 30 Background and Objective: The Islamic Republic of Iran was chemically attacked by the Saddam Hossein’s enemy for five years during the imposed war and this issue caused many physical and psychological injuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the general health status and its relationship with the socio-economic status of non-army citizens of Sardasht. Materials and Methods: This study was part of the research of Ghazanfari, Vaezmahdavi, et al since 2008. The study population was 28 chemical warfare veterans in Sardasht who were evaluated using the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), rating from 0 for best to 84 the worth health situation. Also, the relationship between the general health situation and socio-economic status were considered. In addition, the level of education, severity of exposure, injury rate and quality of life were evaluated. Results: The mean of general health in normal, mild and severe exposure groups was 50.0, 51.5 and 29.8, respectively, which indicates difference in general health of between group severe with group mild and normal (P<0.05). Also, there was a significant relationship between the variables of socio-economic status, level of education, quality of life, intensity of exposure and the percentage of casualties with general health in most groups. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and nonlinear regression. Conclusion: The results showed that improving socio-economic status plays an important role in public and mental health. So, the socio economic status is a significant predictor contributing destructive effects of mustard gas on general and mental health and influences actual health situation. Background and Objective: The Islamic Republic of Iran was chemically attacked by the Saddam Hossein’s enemy for five years during the imposed war and this issue caused many physical and psychological injuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the general health status and its relationship with the socio-economic status of non-army citizens of Sardasht. Materials and Methods: This study was part of the research of Ghazanfari, Vaezmahdavi, et al since 2008. The study population was 28 chemical warfare veterans in Sardasht who were evaluated using the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), rating from 0 for best to 84 the worth health situation. Also, the relationship between the general health situation and socio-economic status were considered. In addition, the level of education, severity of exposure, injury rate and quality of life were evaluated. Results: The mean of general health in normal, mild and severe exposure groups was 50.0, 51.5 and 29.8, respectively, which indicates difference in general health of between group severe with group mild and normal (P<0.05). Also, there was a significant relationship between the variables of socio-economic status, level of education, quality of life, intensity of exposure and the percentage of casualties with general health in most groups. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and nonlinear regression. Conclusion: The results showed that improving socio-economic status plays an important role in public and mental health. So, the socio economic status is a significant predictor contributing destructive effects of mustard gas on general and mental health and influences actual health situation.

https://daneshvarmed.shahed.ac.ir/article_3513_1111ecdc4e0605f212e5a4bf2ac0b042.pdf

Shahed University Daneshvar Medicine 2716-9723 29 6 2022 02 20 Evaluation of effective factors on the choice of delivery method by nulliparous pregnant women referring to Shaheed Mostafa Khomeini hospital in Tehran Evaluation of effective factors on the choice of delivery method by nulliparous pregnant women referring to Shaheed Mostafa Khomeini hospital in Tehran 14 23 3557 10.22070/daneshmed.2021.15211.1128 FA Mohamadamir Koohbor Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Ali Davati Department of Social Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Ahia Garshasbi Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-5484-3308 Farahnaz Torkestani Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2021 08 20 Background and Objective: Maternal beliefs are influential in choosing the type of delivery. the study of determining factors in choosing the method of delivery using the health belief model can be helpful in predicting the type of delivery selected by mothers. the aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the choice of delivery method by nulliparous pregnant women. Materials and Methods: A total of 73 nulliparous pregnant women referred to shaheed mostafa khomeini hospital in Tehran in 1400 entered a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study. Data collection tool, two-part questionnaire including demographic characteristics and questions related to the health belief model including 7 self-efficacy factors, misconception of the benefits of cesarean delivery, exaggeration in the risks of vaginal delivery, perceived sensitivity, general beliefs, willingness to accept was the mindset of health professionals (physician, midwife). Data analysis was performed with SPSS software version 16. Results: Comparison of mothers with cesarean section and mothers with vaginal delivery were significantly different in mean scores of self-efficacy (p<0.005), misdiagnosis (p<0.001) and exaggeration of natural childbirth risks (p<0.001). Comparing the mean scores of perceived sensitivity, general beliefs, willingness to accept and the mindset of health professionals for mothers with the choice of cesarean section and natural delivery was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The findings showed that perceived self-efficacy, misconceptions and exaggerations in the risks of vaginal delivery predict the type of childbirth selected. Education based on these factors can be useful in choosing the method of delivery. Background and Objective: Maternal beliefs are influential in choosing the type of delivery. the study of determining factors in choosing the method of delivery using the health belief model can be helpful in predicting the type of delivery selected by mothers. the aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the choice of delivery method by nulliparous pregnant women. Materials and Methods: A total of 73 nulliparous pregnant women referred to shaheed mostafa khomeini hospital in Tehran in 1400 entered a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study. Data collection tool, two-part questionnaire including demographic characteristics and questions related to the health belief model including 7 self-efficacy factors, misconception of the benefits of cesarean delivery, exaggeration in the risks of vaginal delivery, perceived sensitivity, general beliefs, willingness to accept was the mindset of health professionals (physician, midwife). Data analysis was performed with SPSS software version 16. Results: Comparison of mothers with cesarean section and mothers with vaginal delivery were significantly different in mean scores of self-efficacy (p<0.005), misdiagnosis (p<0.001) and exaggeration of natural childbirth risks (p<0.001). Comparing the mean scores of perceived sensitivity, general beliefs, willingness to accept and the mindset of health professionals for mothers with the choice of cesarean section and natural delivery was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The findings showed that perceived self-efficacy, misconceptions and exaggerations in the risks of vaginal delivery predict the type of childbirth selected. Education based on these factors can be useful in choosing the method of delivery.

https://daneshvarmed.shahed.ac.ir/article_3557_17c4110f0ce666ddaa3ccc74919f6bae.pdf

Shahed University Daneshvar Medicine 2716-9723 29 6 2022 02 20 Neonatal and maternal complications of vaginal birth after cesarean in Khatam Al-Anbia hospital in 2019-2020 Neonatal and maternal complications of vaginal birth after cesarean in Khatam Al-Anbia hospital in 2019-2020 24 33 3515 10.22070/daneshmed.2021.15163.1125 FA Horiyeh Epakchi Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Farahnaz Torkestani Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Nafiseh Zafarghandi Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Ashraf Pirasteh Department of Health and Social Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-0484-1811 Journal Article 2021 09 06 Background and Objective: Vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) is one of the strategies developed to control the growing number of cesarean sections and is still under investigation. In this study, we investigated the neonatal and maternal complications of VBAC. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all pregnant women with a history of cesarean section who decided to have VBAC from 2019 to 2020 were included in the study. Demographic information and postpartum outcomes including success rate of VBAC, its maternal and neonatal complications, and causes of VBAC failure were assessed. Results: 255 pregnant women with a mean age of 31.95 years and BMI of 29.98 kg/m2 were present on study. The mean time elapsed since the last delivery was 5.57 years. VBAC was successful in 77.6% of cases and lack of delivery progress and lack of response to induction were the cause of 85.5% of failures. VBAC was uncomplicated in 97% of mothers and 95.5% of neonates. The average Apgar score of the first and fifth minutes was 8.99 and 10, respectively. The most common maternal complication was bleeding (2%) and the most common neonatal complication was RDS (3%). No case of mortality or uterine rupture was observed. Conclusion: VBAC is successful in 77.6% of cases and in unsuccessful cases, decline FHR and failure to descent are the most common causes of failure. Also, VBAC-born neonates have a favorable Apgar score and blood gas analysis, and in more than 95% of cases, there are no maternal or neonatal complications. Background and Objective: Vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) is one of the strategies developed to control the growing number of cesarean sections and is still under investigation. In this study, we investigated the neonatal and maternal complications of VBAC. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all pregnant women with a history of cesarean section who decided to have VBAC from 2019 to 2020 were included in the study. Demographic information and postpartum outcomes including success rate of VBAC, its maternal and neonatal complications, and causes of VBAC failure were assessed. Results: 255 pregnant women with a mean age of 31.95 years and BMI of 29.98 kg/m2 were present on study. The mean time elapsed since the last delivery was 5.57 years. VBAC was successful in 77.6% of cases and lack of delivery progress and lack of response to induction were the cause of 85.5% of failures. VBAC was uncomplicated in 97% of mothers and 95.5% of neonates. The average Apgar score of the first and fifth minutes was 8.99 and 10, respectively. The most common maternal complication was bleeding (2%) and the most common neonatal complication was RDS (3%). No case of mortality or uterine rupture was observed. Conclusion: VBAC is successful in 77.6% of cases and in unsuccessful cases, decline FHR and failure to descent are the most common causes of failure. Also, VBAC-born neonates have a favorable Apgar score and blood gas analysis, and in more than 95% of cases, there are no maternal or neonatal complications.

https://daneshvarmed.shahed.ac.ir/article_3515_490d903f6d3f5009285fe760e5ff8d26.pdf

Shahed University Daneshvar Medicine 2716-9723 29 6 2022 02 20 The effect of spraying the suspension containing adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells on diabetic wound healing and collagen synthesis in skin tissue in an animal model The effect of spraying the suspension containing adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells on diabetic wound healing and collagen synthesis in skin tissue in an animal model 34 44 3516 10.22070/daneshmed.2021.15073.1119 FA Sona Zare Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-1859-9782 Rahim Ahmadi Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran 0000-0002-2694-8903 Pouria Ghiaee Department of Medical Immunology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Journal Article 2021 08 24 Background and Objective: Although many studies have been performed concerning the effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on wound healing, the repairing effects of these cells are still controversial. In this context, the present study investigated the effect of spraying the adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells suspension on diabetic wound healing and skin tissue collagen synthesis in an animal model. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, abdominal adipose tissue was obtained from patients referred for abdominoplasty. Mesenchymal cells were isolated from adipose tissue and identified by micoscoic examination and flow cytometry. Streptozotocin was used to induce diabetes in 10 male Wistar rats. Wounds with a diameter of 0.8 cm were created by a biopsy punch in the back of diabetic rats. Animals were divided into two groups: control (untreated) and treated with mesenchymal cell. After treatment, wound healing was assessed by photographic methods on days 7, 14 and 21 and the collagen synthesis was evaluated using Mason’s trichrome method. Results: Observational data showed that the wound healing rate was higher in the treatment group than control group. 21 days after treatment, the density of collagen fibers, the formation of tissue vessels and the collagen fibers arrangement had higher quality in the treatment group than the control group. Conclusion: Spraying the adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in diabetic wound area can increase the collagen synthesis in the wound area and accelerate the healing of the diabetic wound. According to which, the use of these cells can be considered in cell therapy of wounds. Background and Objective: Although many studies have been performed concerning the effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on wound healing, the repairing effects of these cells are still controversial. In this context, the present study investigated the effect of spraying the adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells suspension on diabetic wound healing and skin tissue collagen synthesis in an animal model. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, abdominal adipose tissue was obtained from patients referred for abdominoplasty. Mesenchymal cells were isolated from adipose tissue and identified by micoscoic examination and flow cytometry. Streptozotocin was used to induce diabetes in 10 male Wistar rats. Wounds with a diameter of 0.8 cm were created by a biopsy punch in the back of diabetic rats. Animals were divided into two groups: control (untreated) and treated with mesenchymal cell. After treatment, wound healing was assessed by photographic methods on days 7, 14 and 21 and the collagen synthesis was evaluated using Mason’s trichrome method. Results: Observational data showed that the wound healing rate was higher in the treatment group than control group. 21 days after treatment, the density of collagen fibers, the formation of tissue vessels and the collagen fibers arrangement had higher quality in the treatment group than the control group. Conclusion: Spraying the adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in diabetic wound area can increase the collagen synthesis in the wound area and accelerate the healing of the diabetic wound. According to which, the use of these cells can be considered in cell therapy of wounds.

https://daneshvarmed.shahed.ac.ir/article_3516_a69ed964544827ab160897f0bfcd5ba1.pdf

Shahed University Daneshvar Medicine 2716-9723 29 6 2022 02 20 Immunogenic effect of PLGA nanoparticles containing Klebsiella pneumoniae K2O1 capsule antigen against urinary tract infection in BALB/C mice Immunogenic effect of PLGA nanoparticles containing Klebsiella pneumoniae K2O1 capsule antigen against urinary tract infection in BALB/C mice 45 57 3517 10.22070/daneshmed.2021.15137.1123 FA Fatemeh Esmaeilzadeh Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University Qom Branch, Qom, Iran 0000000281993512 Reza Shapoury Departman of Microbiology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran 000000031998759X Mohsen Zargar Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University Qom Branch, Qom, Iran 0000000231085655 Mehdi Mahdavi Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, Tehran University of Sciences, Tehran, Iran Kobra Rostamizadeh Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran Journal Article 2021 08 16 Background and Objective: Klebsiella can cause urinary tract infections that is associated with drug resistance. Capsule production as a means of resistance can prevent host immune system responses. This study investigated the effect of a PLGA nanoparticles vaccine containing capsule antigen. Materials and Methods: Vaccination of 20 mice with an age of 3-5 weeks (with a weight range of 22±18 g) was performed in four groups of capsules, PLGA, PLGA-capsule combination (PLGA+CPS) and control (PBS). In this study, the fabrication of nanoparticles was investigated by zetasizer and FITR tests. Microbial loading was also performed on the bladder.One-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test were used for statistical analysis . Results: The results of confirmation tests of zetaiser showed that the nanoparticle size and the size of PLGA nanoparticles containing capsule antigen molecule were 178.7 and 159.4 nm, respectively.The result of FTIR and the shapes of the corresponding peaks confirmed the presence of antigen functional groups in the nanoparticle structure and the formation of ester bonds.The resut of FTIR test also indicates the success of PLGA nanoparticles containing capsule antigen , the results of microbial challenge showed that in the control and PLGA groups, due to the fact that PLGA nanoparticles vaccine contain capsule antigen were not used, a significant increase was observed in terms of the number of colonies compared to other groups )p<0/05( . Conclusion: PLGA nanoparticles containing capsule antigen molecules have a better ability than pure capsules and can significantly reduce tissue damage. Background and Objective: Klebsiella can cause urinary tract infections that is associated with drug resistance. Capsule production as a means of resistance can prevent host immune system responses. This study investigated the effect of a PLGA nanoparticles vaccine containing capsule antigen. Materials and Methods: Vaccination of 20 mice with an age of 3-5 weeks (with a weight range of 22±18 g) was performed in four groups of capsules, PLGA, PLGA-capsule combination (PLGA+CPS) and control (PBS). In this study, the fabrication of nanoparticles was investigated by zetasizer and FITR tests. Microbial loading was also performed on the bladder.One-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test were used for statistical analysis . Results: The results of confirmation tests of zetaiser showed that the nanoparticle size and the size of PLGA nanoparticles containing capsule antigen molecule were 178.7 and 159.4 nm, respectively.The result of FTIR and the shapes of the corresponding peaks confirmed the presence of antigen functional groups in the nanoparticle structure and the formation of ester bonds.The resut of FTIR test also indicates the success of PLGA nanoparticles containing capsule antigen , the results of microbial challenge showed that in the control and PLGA groups, due to the fact that PLGA nanoparticles vaccine contain capsule antigen were not used, a significant increase was observed in terms of the number of colonies compared to other groups )p<0/05( . Conclusion: PLGA nanoparticles containing capsule antigen molecules have a better ability than pure capsules and can significantly reduce tissue damage.

https://daneshvarmed.shahed.ac.ir/article_3517_654e9693dc98966c3637940a453ea139.pdf

Shahed University Daneshvar Medicine 2716-9723 29 6 2022 02 20 Comparison of the effect of eight-week training in water, resistance ladder and endurance running on catalase, malondialdehyde, vaspin and insulin resistance in male rats Comparison of the effect of eight-week training in water, resistance ladder and endurance running on catalase, malondialdehyde, vaspin and insulin resistance in male rats 58 69 3518 10.22070/daneshmed.2021.15238.1133 FA Mojtaba Sadegh Ghomi Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Science, Shahid Rajaee Teacher training University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-3622-4829 Majid Kashef Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Science, Shahid Rajaee Teacher training University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-8551-3371 Fereshteh Shahidi Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Science, Shahid Rajaee Teacher training University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-6593-4435 Mojtaba Salehpour Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Science, Shahid Rajaee Teacher training University, Tehran, Iran 0000000262082502 Mehri Javadieh Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Science, Shahid Rajaee Teacher training University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-8478-8082 Mohammad Javad Noroozi Nia Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Science, Shahid Rajaee Teacher training University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-7401-7513 Journal Article 2021 08 14 Background and Objective: Increased lipid peroxidation and imbalance of adipokines that affect insulin sensitivity such as vaspin can be effective in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The aim of present study was comparison and determination of effect of eight-week training in water, resistance ladder and endurance running on catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), vaspin and insulin resistance in male rats. Materials and Methods: A total of 41 male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (training in water, resistance ladder, endurance running, sham and control). After two weeks of adapting to the environment and learning the exercises, the training groups exercised for eight weeks. To measure study indices, we used ELISA method and the formula of insulin resistance homeostasis model. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were used to test the hypotheses. Results: Eight-week of resistance training significantly increased catalase activity and decreased serum MDA levels more than the other two training methods. Moreover, eight weeks of endurance running and water training significantly reduced serum VASPIN and insulin resistance compared to resistance training (p<0.05). Conclusion: It seems that resistance training to be superior to the other two training methods in reducing lipid peroxidation, while endurance running and training in water result in greater reductions in VASPIN and insulin resistance than resistance training. Background and Objective: Increased lipid peroxidation and imbalance of adipokines that affect insulin sensitivity such as vaspin can be effective in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The aim of present study was comparison and determination of effect of eight-week training in water, resistance ladder and endurance running on catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), vaspin and insulin resistance in male rats. Materials and Methods: A total of 41 male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (training in water, resistance ladder, endurance running, sham and control). After two weeks of adapting to the environment and learning the exercises, the training groups exercised for eight weeks. To measure study indices, we used ELISA method and the formula of insulin resistance homeostasis model. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were used to test the hypotheses. Results: Eight-week of resistance training significantly increased catalase activity and decreased serum MDA levels more than the other two training methods. Moreover, eight weeks of endurance running and water training significantly reduced serum VASPIN and insulin resistance compared to resistance training (p<0.05). Conclusion: It seems that resistance training to be superior to the other two training methods in reducing lipid peroxidation, while endurance running and training in water result in greater reductions in VASPIN and insulin resistance than resistance training.

https://daneshvarmed.shahed.ac.ir/article_3518_2532b15cc583c434b90ad1dc8081f1e0.pdf

Shahed University Daneshvar Medicine 2716-9723 29 6 2022 02 20 The effect of instability of bread price on household food security and mental health using agent-based simulation approach The effect of instability of bread price on household food security and mental health using agent-based simulation approach 70 85 3519 10.22070/daneshmed.2021.15354.1139 FA Zeinab Vaez Mahdavi Faculty of Management and Economics, Islamic Azad University Science and Research branch, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-6072-5271 Hossein Raghfar Faculty of Social Sciences and Economics, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran Karim Emami Jeze Faculty of Management and Economics, Islamic Azad University Science and Research branch, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-5973-8208 Kamran Haji Nabi Faculty of Management and Economics, Islamic Azad University Science and Research branch, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-1227-7106 Journal Article 2021 09 01 Background and Objective: Inflation and instability in food prices have affected low-income groups more than others and have resulted in the elimination of essential food groups in this type of households. Considering the changes in household’s behavior in the case of rising bread prices can help policymakers in the pricing of this product. Materials and Methods: In this study, the price elasticity of bread is estimated by the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS). Then, using the results obtained, the change in household behavior in the case of rising bread prices is simulated with an agent-based simulation approach. Demand elasticity calculations are based on household survey data for 2016 and 2018 (for more than 18,000 households) and the impact of increasing bread prices on 5000 agents (households) in the Net Logo software is simulated. Results: The increase in the bread price has led to a 33% increase in the lowest quintile expenditures, which confirms that this product is a Giffen good for this group. Following the increase in the bread price, the burden of bread inflation on the budget in the first income quintile is more than 5 times of that of the fifth. Conclusion: Following the increase in the bread price, the increased share of bread in the basket of low-income groups, indicates the substitution of this good for other essential food items. This point, in addition to the impacts of malnutrition and their consequences, bring the policymakers attention to critical point of not to manipulate the price of bread. Background and Objective: Inflation and instability in food prices have affected low-income groups more than others and have resulted in the elimination of essential food groups in this type of households. Considering the changes in household’s behavior in the case of rising bread prices can help policymakers in the pricing of this product. Materials and Methods: In this study, the price elasticity of bread is estimated by the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS). Then, using the results obtained, the change in household behavior in the case of rising bread prices is simulated with an agent-based simulation approach. Demand elasticity calculations are based on household survey data for 2016 and 2018 (for more than 18,000 households) and the impact of increasing bread prices on 5000 agents (households) in the Net Logo software is simulated. Results: The increase in the bread price has led to a 33% increase in the lowest quintile expenditures, which confirms that this product is a Giffen good for this group. Following the increase in the bread price, the burden of bread inflation on the budget in the first income quintile is more than 5 times of that of the fifth. Conclusion: Following the increase in the bread price, the increased share of bread in the basket of low-income groups, indicates the substitution of this good for other essential food items. This point, in addition to the impacts of malnutrition and their consequences, bring the policymakers attention to critical point of not to manipulate the price of bread.

https://daneshvarmed.shahed.ac.ir/article_3519_1804c1263512450923222f1fe76bc64e.pdf

Shahed University Daneshvar Medicine 2716-9723 29 6 2022 02 20 Synthesis and optimization of effective dose of niosomal amikacin for antibacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Synthesis and optimization of effective dose of niosomal amikacin for antibacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa 86 100 3520 10.22070/daneshmed.2021.15391.1145 FA Fardin Rahimi Department of Nanobiotechnology, Research Laboratory of Shahed University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-4165-3417 Mahsa Bahramgur Department of Biological Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Ghasem Amoabediny Department of Biological Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Azam Bagheri Pebdeni Department of Nanobiotechnology, Research Laboratory of Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Bahman Ebrahimi Hosseinzade Department of Biological Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Zeinab Amoabediny Department of Biological Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2021 08 21 Background and Objective: Niosomes are one of the new drug delivery systems. In this synthesis study, the properties and characteristics of nanosystems loaded amikacin for the aim of slow releasing and antibacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa were been investigated. Materials and Methods: The synthesis nanocarriers were characterized by using DLS, zeta potential, SEM images, and FTIR analysis. The percentage of drug loading in the nanosystems were measured. After that, the release rate of the drug was checked. MIC microbiological tests were performed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Finally, with MTT method, the toxicity and effectiveness of the system on cell line A549 extracted from lung were evaluated. Results: In this study, by synthesis and optimization, with the highest loading efficiency of 95.15% at the formulations and the slowest release with a drug release rate of 65.27% in 60 hours to reduce the side effects of amikacin. We were able to increase the antimicrobial activity of amikacin niosomal against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and reduce the side effects compared to the free form and have a slower and more continuous release with greater effectiveness on bacteria. Studying this process on the lung cell lines was successful and free-form of amikacin has a more toxic effect than two drug-free and drug-free niosomal systems. Numerous mathematical models, including realistic and experimental/quasi-experimental mechanistic models, have been successfully introduced to quantitatively define drug release mechanisms and play an important role in designing a drug delivery system for drug release diagrams. That reported in results Conclusion: Achieving optimal conditions for the preparation of nanosystems carrying amikacin and investigating the effect of this system on bacterial agents is an important step in science, research, and economic efficiency. Background and Objective: Niosomes are one of the new drug delivery systems. In this synthesis study, the properties and characteristics of nanosystems loaded amikacin for the aim of slow releasing and antibacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa were been investigated. Materials and Methods: The synthesis nanocarriers were characterized by using DLS, zeta potential, SEM images, and FTIR analysis. The percentage of drug loading in the nanosystems were measured. After that, the release rate of the drug was checked. MIC microbiological tests were performed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Finally, with MTT method, the toxicity and effectiveness of the system on cell line A549 extracted from lung were evaluated. Results: In this study, by synthesis and optimization, with the highest loading efficiency of 95.15% at the formulations and the slowest release with a drug release rate of 65.27% in 60 hours to reduce the side effects of amikacin. We were able to increase the antimicrobial activity of amikacin niosomal against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and reduce the side effects compared to the free form and have a slower and more continuous release with greater effectiveness on bacteria. Studying this process on the lung cell lines was successful and free-form of amikacin has a more toxic effect than two drug-free and drug-free niosomal systems. Numerous mathematical models, including realistic and experimental/quasi-experimental mechanistic models, have been successfully introduced to quantitatively define drug release mechanisms and play an important role in designing a drug delivery system for drug release diagrams. That reported in results Conclusion: Achieving optimal conditions for the preparation of nanosystems carrying amikacin and investigating the effect of this system on bacterial agents is an important step in science, research, and economic efficiency.

https://daneshvarmed.shahed.ac.ir/article_3520_1a4047d9a04c22a87f82bf0339be3a2b.pdf