Shahed UniversityDaneshvar Medicine2716-972325120170421Relation between BCL-2 oncoprotein expression and some prognostic factors in papillary thyroid carcinomaRelation between BCL-2 oncoprotein expression and some prognostic factors in papillary thyroid carcinoma14176710.22070/24.128.1FAJournal Article20200926Background and Objective: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common thyroid malignancy. Expression of BCL-2, an apoptosis inhibitor, is higher in papillary thyroid carcinoma cells. Prognosis of PTC is associated with some factors such as age, gender, tumor size, capsular invasion and lymph node involvement. The aim of this study was to demonstrate relation between BCL-2 oncoprotein expression and these prognostic factors in PTC.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 85 pathology samples of PTC patients were analyzed for capsular invasion and BCL-2 oncoprotein expression by immunohistochemistry method. Other data such as age, gender, tumor size and lymph node involvement were collected from clinical records of patients. Data were analyzed by SPSS.
Results: The mean age was 40.8 ±16.4 years (75 females and 10 males). The mean tumor size was 3.7±2.2 cm. Meanwhile, 11 samples had capsular invasion and the others were negative. Lymph node involvement was positive in 19 samples (22.3%). The BCL-2 expression was positive in 71 samples (87.1 %). There was no significant relation between BCL-2 expression and lymph node involvement and capsular invasion. A significant relation was seen between tumor size and BCL-2 expression. BCL-2 expression was associated with a larger tumor size.
Conclusion: BCL-2 expression in PTC patients was high and has relation with tumor size. Lymph node involvement and capsular invasion have not any relation with BCL-2 expression.Background and Objective: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common thyroid malignancy. Expression of BCL-2, an apoptosis inhibitor, is higher in papillary thyroid carcinoma cells. Prognosis of PTC is associated with some factors such as age, gender, tumor size, capsular invasion and lymph node involvement. The aim of this study was to demonstrate relation between BCL-2 oncoprotein expression and these prognostic factors in PTC.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 85 pathology samples of PTC patients were analyzed for capsular invasion and BCL-2 oncoprotein expression by immunohistochemistry method. Other data such as age, gender, tumor size and lymph node involvement were collected from clinical records of patients. Data were analyzed by SPSS.
Results: The mean age was 40.8 ±16.4 years (75 females and 10 males). The mean tumor size was 3.7±2.2 cm. Meanwhile, 11 samples had capsular invasion and the others were negative. Lymph node involvement was positive in 19 samples (22.3%). The BCL-2 expression was positive in 71 samples (87.1 %). There was no significant relation between BCL-2 expression and lymph node involvement and capsular invasion. A significant relation was seen between tumor size and BCL-2 expression. BCL-2 expression was associated with a larger tumor size.
Conclusion: BCL-2 expression in PTC patients was high and has relation with tumor size. Lymph node involvement and capsular invasion have not any relation with BCL-2 expression.https://daneshvarmed.shahed.ac.ir/article_1767_e8fd4a8a5bab2b3785d794ab51fef55c.pdfShahed UniversityDaneshvar Medicine2716-972325120170421Relationship of serum immunoglobulins levels and eczema in Sardasht chemical victims (27 years after sulfur mustard exposure)Relationship of serum immunoglobulins levels and eczema in Sardasht chemical victims (27 years after sulfur mustard exposure)512176810.22070/24.128.5FAJournal Article20200926Background and Objective: Sulfur mustard is a vesicant agent. Its long-term effects include respiratory, eye, and skin complications. The most important skin long-term complications include itching, eczema, scars, xerosis, hyper-pigmentation, and hypo-pigmentation. Serum IgE titers have a direct relationship with eczema and other skin problems such as itching and xerosis in allergic diseases and hypersensitivity. In this study, the relationship between serum levels of immunoglobulins and eczema in Sardasht chemical victims was investigated 27 years after exposure to sulfur mustard.
Materials and Methods: This study was part of a cohort study of Sardasht chemical victims. A total of 446 chemical victims exposed to sulfur mustard and 107 people as the control group in an age range of 27-67 years old were selected. There was also no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, smoking, and other geographic, national, and food tradition factors. The clinical evaluation of both groups was performed by a specialist physician. The measurement of serum immunoglobulin was carried out using sandwich ELISA. The results were reported using Mann-Whitney U test.
Results: Serum IgM and IgE levels in chemical victims with eczema were significantly higher than the control group with eczema. Also, serum IgM and IgE levels in chemical victims with eczema were significantly higher than chemical victims without eczema. In addition, serum IgE levels of chemical victims without eczema were significantly higher than the control group without eczema.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that IgM and IgE have a significant relationship with eczema caused by sulfur mustard. Background and Objective: Sulfur mustard is a vesicant agent. Its long-term effects include respiratory, eye, and skin complications. The most important skin long-term complications include itching, eczema, scars, xerosis, hyper-pigmentation, and hypo-pigmentation. Serum IgE titers have a direct relationship with eczema and other skin problems such as itching and xerosis in allergic diseases and hypersensitivity. In this study, the relationship between serum levels of immunoglobulins and eczema in Sardasht chemical victims was investigated 27 years after exposure to sulfur mustard.
Materials and Methods: This study was part of a cohort study of Sardasht chemical victims. A total of 446 chemical victims exposed to sulfur mustard and 107 people as the control group in an age range of 27-67 years old were selected. There was also no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, smoking, and other geographic, national, and food tradition factors. The clinical evaluation of both groups was performed by a specialist physician. The measurement of serum immunoglobulin was carried out using sandwich ELISA. The results were reported using Mann-Whitney U test.
Results: Serum IgM and IgE levels in chemical victims with eczema were significantly higher than the control group with eczema. Also, serum IgM and IgE levels in chemical victims with eczema were significantly higher than chemical victims without eczema. In addition, serum IgE levels of chemical victims without eczema were significantly higher than the control group without eczema.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that IgM and IgE have a significant relationship with eczema caused by sulfur mustard. https://daneshvarmed.shahed.ac.ir/article_1768_db29450c3f5e97f97846693611f98c15.pdfShahed UniversityDaneshvar Medicine2716-972325120170421The effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral intervention on improvement of negative body image in male adolescentsThe effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral intervention on improvement of negative body image in male adolescents1320176910.22070/24.128.13FAJournal Article20200926Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral intervention on improvement of negative body image in male adolescents.
Materials and Methods: This study had a semi-experimental pretest–posttest design with control group. The study population consisted of all seventh and eighth grade male students who have negative body image in male public high schools of area 6 in Tehran that through cluster sampling 6 school were selected. According to the results of the Cash et al (1987) body self-relations multidimensional questionnaire, 30 students according to the entry criteria were randomly selected as sample and were randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control (each group contained 15 subjects). The experimental group received eight sessions of group cognitive-behavioral intervention based on social phobia (Alilou et al, 2014).
Results: The results of repeated measures analysis of covariance by SPSS showed that negative body image in the experimental group significantly improved versus the control group.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that group CBT intervention can be used as an effective treatment method in improving negative body image in male adolescents.Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral intervention on improvement of negative body image in male adolescents.
Materials and Methods: This study had a semi-experimental pretest–posttest design with control group. The study population consisted of all seventh and eighth grade male students who have negative body image in male public high schools of area 6 in Tehran that through cluster sampling 6 school were selected. According to the results of the Cash et al (1987) body self-relations multidimensional questionnaire, 30 students according to the entry criteria were randomly selected as sample and were randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control (each group contained 15 subjects). The experimental group received eight sessions of group cognitive-behavioral intervention based on social phobia (Alilou et al, 2014).
Results: The results of repeated measures analysis of covariance by SPSS showed that negative body image in the experimental group significantly improved versus the control group.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that group CBT intervention can be used as an effective treatment method in improving negative body image in male adolescents.https://daneshvarmed.shahed.ac.ir/article_1769_7eb7eabbe9bd03c2fc99881d04da9cbd.pdfShahed UniversityDaneshvar Medicine2716-972325120170421The relationship between serum levels of adiponectin, leptin, cholesterol, triglyceride and body mass index in the overweight girls after 12-week moderate intensity aerobic exercise trainingThe relationship between serum levels of adiponectin, leptin, cholesterol, triglyceride and body mass index in the overweight girls after 12-week moderate intensity aerobic exercise training2130177010.22070/24.128.21FAJournal Article20200926Background and Objective: The childhood obesity is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease throughout the lifecycle. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between adiponectin, leptin, cholesterol and triglyceride serum levels in the overweight girls after 12 weeks moderate intensity aerobic exercise training.
Materials and Methods: This research was conducted with a semi- experimental methodology with pre-test and post-test. Nineteen overweight girls (aged 9.8±1.5 years) after getting consent volunteered for this study. Subjects performed moderate intensity aerobic exercise training for 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected after overnight fasting, before and after 12 weeks of exercise training program. Total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were assessed using an enzymatic colorimetric assay (GPO-PAP). Serum leptin and adiponectin levels were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data analysis was performed by paired sample t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, regression analysis and a significant level of p<0.05 was considered.
Results: Body fat percentage, circulating levels of triglyceride and leptin of participants as compared to baseline after 12 weeks of aerobic exercise decreased and adiponectin significantly increased (p<0.05). A significant correlation was observed between leptin with body mass index (r=577, p<0.01) and adiponectin (r=621, p<0.025). Also, there was a significant correlation between adiponectin with cholesterol (r=592, p<0.05), body fat percentage (r=612, p<0.05) and body mass index (r=741, p<0.05).
Conclusion: Moderate intensity aerobic exercise training caused favorable changes in body fat percentage and obesity-related metabolic biomarkers in prepubertal overweight girls. Background and Objective: The childhood obesity is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease throughout the lifecycle. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between adiponectin, leptin, cholesterol and triglyceride serum levels in the overweight girls after 12 weeks moderate intensity aerobic exercise training.
Materials and Methods: This research was conducted with a semi- experimental methodology with pre-test and post-test. Nineteen overweight girls (aged 9.8±1.5 years) after getting consent volunteered for this study. Subjects performed moderate intensity aerobic exercise training for 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected after overnight fasting, before and after 12 weeks of exercise training program. Total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were assessed using an enzymatic colorimetric assay (GPO-PAP). Serum leptin and adiponectin levels were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data analysis was performed by paired sample t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, regression analysis and a significant level of p<0.05 was considered.
Results: Body fat percentage, circulating levels of triglyceride and leptin of participants as compared to baseline after 12 weeks of aerobic exercise decreased and adiponectin significantly increased (p<0.05). A significant correlation was observed between leptin with body mass index (r=577, p<0.01) and adiponectin (r=621, p<0.025). Also, there was a significant correlation between adiponectin with cholesterol (r=592, p<0.05), body fat percentage (r=612, p<0.05) and body mass index (r=741, p<0.05).
Conclusion: Moderate intensity aerobic exercise training caused favorable changes in body fat percentage and obesity-related metabolic biomarkers in prepubertal overweight girls. https://daneshvarmed.shahed.ac.ir/article_1770_e5a4d6bf330f23a8707bb0d6001dfbe8.pdfShahed UniversityDaneshvar Medicine2716-972325120170421Application of transition and marginalized transition longitudinal models for determining factors affecting FTT in children under 2 years in TaromApplication of transition and marginalized transition longitudinal models for determining factors affecting FTT in children under 2 years in Tarom3138177110.22070/24.128.31FAJournal Article20200926Background and Objective: Failure To Thrive (FTT) is one of the important health issues in children; not dealing with this disorder may lead to more serious consequences like increased death rate and appearance of other physical disabilities. The aim of this study was application of longitudinal transition model and longitudinal marginalized transition model in analysis of longitudinal data about failure to thrive in children under two years in Tarom.
Materials and Methods: In this longitudinal study, 787 children below 2 years old visiting the Health Center of Tarom were selected by two-stage cluster sampling method. The variable of this study was measured 9 times until 24 month. Statistical analysis was done using transition and marginalized transition model and programming with R software.
Results: In this study, 143 children (18.2%) had FTT until age 24-month while had one episodes of FTT. Results showed that in transition model; habitat (p=0.045), twining (p=0.003), weight of mother (p=0.034) and gestational age (p=0.002), and in marginalized transition model; gender of baby (p=0.027), age of mother (p=0.005), habitat (p=0.014), twining (p<0.001), weight of mother (p<0.001) and gestational age (p=0.014) effects were significant.
Conclusion: Given the AIC, second order model was better fit to data. Given the significant factor in this study, actions such as more attention on girl, the decision to pregnancy in less than 35 years, upgrade monitoring twin children can be effective in reduce the failure to thrive.Background and Objective: Failure To Thrive (FTT) is one of the important health issues in children; not dealing with this disorder may lead to more serious consequences like increased death rate and appearance of other physical disabilities. The aim of this study was application of longitudinal transition model and longitudinal marginalized transition model in analysis of longitudinal data about failure to thrive in children under two years in Tarom.
Materials and Methods: In this longitudinal study, 787 children below 2 years old visiting the Health Center of Tarom were selected by two-stage cluster sampling method. The variable of this study was measured 9 times until 24 month. Statistical analysis was done using transition and marginalized transition model and programming with R software.
Results: In this study, 143 children (18.2%) had FTT until age 24-month while had one episodes of FTT. Results showed that in transition model; habitat (p=0.045), twining (p=0.003), weight of mother (p=0.034) and gestational age (p=0.002), and in marginalized transition model; gender of baby (p=0.027), age of mother (p=0.005), habitat (p=0.014), twining (p<0.001), weight of mother (p<0.001) and gestational age (p=0.014) effects were significant.
Conclusion: Given the AIC, second order model was better fit to data. Given the significant factor in this study, actions such as more attention on girl, the decision to pregnancy in less than 35 years, upgrade monitoring twin children can be effective in reduce the failure to thrive.https://daneshvarmed.shahed.ac.ir/article_1771_21be9a4bd4f81549a9d1d241981cec3c.pdfShahed UniversityDaneshvar Medicine2716-972325120170421The effect of a prolonged period of aerobic training on the muscle damage indices (creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase) in middel-aged womensThe effect of a prolonged period of aerobic training on the muscle damage indices (creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase) in middel-aged womens3946177210.22070/24.128.39FAJournal Article20200926Background and Objective: The proportional practice protocol is an important issue for middle-aged women to start a health and energetic life style. Aerobic training is proposed as the first and best method of practice for all individuals. However, this protocol is not without damage, because this method like other methods can lead to some cellular disorders, especially muscle cell disorder. The purpose of this study was the effect of a period of aerobic training on the level of enzymes of cellular index damage in the middle-aged women.
Materials and Methods: The method of this study was semi-experimental. 12 middle-aged women participated as volunteers in this study. The protocol of training consisted of 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week. Each session included 60 minutes of training with 50-70 percent of heart rate intensity. The dependent variables were creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase as muscle cell damage indices that were measured in 3 periods of training (before training, the first session and after the last session). The data was analyzed by ANOVA and Bonferoni post hoc tests.
Results: The results showed that the amount of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase significantly increased after a practice session. In addition, amount of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase significantly decreased after 24 sessions than the first session. Also, there was no significant difference between before practice session and after session 24.
Conclusion: According to these results, it is proposed that a period of aerobic training can decrease cellular damage indices in middle-aged women.Background and Objective: The proportional practice protocol is an important issue for middle-aged women to start a health and energetic life style. Aerobic training is proposed as the first and best method of practice for all individuals. However, this protocol is not without damage, because this method like other methods can lead to some cellular disorders, especially muscle cell disorder. The purpose of this study was the effect of a period of aerobic training on the level of enzymes of cellular index damage in the middle-aged women.
Materials and Methods: The method of this study was semi-experimental. 12 middle-aged women participated as volunteers in this study. The protocol of training consisted of 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week. Each session included 60 minutes of training with 50-70 percent of heart rate intensity. The dependent variables were creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase as muscle cell damage indices that were measured in 3 periods of training (before training, the first session and after the last session). The data was analyzed by ANOVA and Bonferoni post hoc tests.
Results: The results showed that the amount of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase significantly increased after a practice session. In addition, amount of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase significantly decreased after 24 sessions than the first session. Also, there was no significant difference between before practice session and after session 24.
Conclusion: According to these results, it is proposed that a period of aerobic training can decrease cellular damage indices in middle-aged women.https://daneshvarmed.shahed.ac.ir/article_1772_299570476c6f0309545110c592b6a63b.pdfShahed UniversityDaneshvar Medicine2716-972325120170421Comparison of efficacy of mixed neurofeedback therapy and medication with medication therapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorderComparison of efficacy of mixed neurofeedback therapy and medication with medication therapy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder4756177310.22070/24.128.47FAJournal Article20200926Objective: The present study aimed at comparing the efficacy of mixed Neurofeedback and medication therapy with medication therapy in order to reduce the anxiety symptoms in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).
Materials and Methods: A pre- and post-test semi-experimental design without control group was used. Twenty patients from counseling centers and psychiatrists offices in Sanandaj who according to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-V) had suffered from generalized anxiety disorder were selected using convenient sampling. Then, they were randomly appointed to 2 groups; 10 people in each group. First, both groups received an anti-anxiety medicine (Sertraline) under medical supervision. The first group was under the Neurofeedback therapy, and the second group was under the mixed Neurofeedback and medication therapy. In order to evaluate the clinical status and diagnosing the GAD, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI test) and Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory (MMPI2 test) were used. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance.
Results: The findings showed that the anxiety level reduced in the post-test of the intervention group and the difference was significant. But the anxiety level reduced more in the group receiving the mixed Neurofeedback and medication therapy.
Conclusion: The results indicate that the mixed therapies are effective for the treatment of GAD.Objective: The present study aimed at comparing the efficacy of mixed Neurofeedback and medication therapy with medication therapy in order to reduce the anxiety symptoms in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).
Materials and Methods: A pre- and post-test semi-experimental design without control group was used. Twenty patients from counseling centers and psychiatrists offices in Sanandaj who according to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-V) had suffered from generalized anxiety disorder were selected using convenient sampling. Then, they were randomly appointed to 2 groups; 10 people in each group. First, both groups received an anti-anxiety medicine (Sertraline) under medical supervision. The first group was under the Neurofeedback therapy, and the second group was under the mixed Neurofeedback and medication therapy. In order to evaluate the clinical status and diagnosing the GAD, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI test) and Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory (MMPI2 test) were used. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance.
Results: The findings showed that the anxiety level reduced in the post-test of the intervention group and the difference was significant. But the anxiety level reduced more in the group receiving the mixed Neurofeedback and medication therapy.
Conclusion: The results indicate that the mixed therapies are effective for the treatment of GAD.https://daneshvarmed.shahed.ac.ir/article_1773_4abe17a1c80cbdd2aa241b70840879de.pdfShahed UniversityDaneshvar Medicine2716-972325120170421The effect of exendin-4 on vital activity, nitric oxide and TNF-α production of murine peritoneal macrophagesThe effect of exendin-4 on vital activity, nitric oxide and TNF-α production of murine peritoneal macrophages5764177410.22070/24.128.57FAJournal Article20200926Background and Objective: Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a peptide released from the small intestine and mainly enhances glucose-induced insulin secretion, although its receptor (GLP-1R) is distributed on various cells including mice and human macrophages. Regarding important functions of macrophage in regulating pro-inflammatory and immune responses, in this study, the effect of exendin-4 (an analog of GLP-1) on vital activity, nitric oxide and TNF-α production of peritoneal macrophages was investigated.
Materials and Methods: Peritoneal macrophages were isolated from C57BL/6 mice and cultured with or without LPS for 24 hours and 0.03 to 3 nM exendin-4. The vital activity was evaluated by MTT, nitrite by Griess method and TNF-α by ELISA.
Results: Exendin-4 at 3 and 0.3 nM significantly reduced MTT of macrophages (resting), but increased it in stimulated macrophages at 3 nM. Exendin-4 at 0.3 and 0.03 nM reduced nitrite in resting macrophages, although it (3 nM) induced an increase in LPS stimulated macrophages. An increase in TNF-α production of and resting (3 nM) and stimulated macrophages (1 and 3 nM) was also observed.
Conclusion: The effect of exendin-4 on nitrite and TNF production of macrophages in vitro is dependent on the cell status of activation (besides its concentration) and it may function as pro- or anti-inflammatory.Background and Objective: Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a peptide released from the small intestine and mainly enhances glucose-induced insulin secretion, although its receptor (GLP-1R) is distributed on various cells including mice and human macrophages. Regarding important functions of macrophage in regulating pro-inflammatory and immune responses, in this study, the effect of exendin-4 (an analog of GLP-1) on vital activity, nitric oxide and TNF-α production of peritoneal macrophages was investigated.
Materials and Methods: Peritoneal macrophages were isolated from C57BL/6 mice and cultured with or without LPS for 24 hours and 0.03 to 3 nM exendin-4. The vital activity was evaluated by MTT, nitrite by Griess method and TNF-α by ELISA.
Results: Exendin-4 at 3 and 0.3 nM significantly reduced MTT of macrophages (resting), but increased it in stimulated macrophages at 3 nM. Exendin-4 at 0.3 and 0.03 nM reduced nitrite in resting macrophages, although it (3 nM) induced an increase in LPS stimulated macrophages. An increase in TNF-α production of and resting (3 nM) and stimulated macrophages (1 and 3 nM) was also observed.
Conclusion: The effect of exendin-4 on nitrite and TNF production of macrophages in vitro is dependent on the cell status of activation (besides its concentration) and it may function as pro- or anti-inflammatory.https://daneshvarmed.shahed.ac.ir/article_1774_f0bda020d2470f2e74990a07a607ebd9.pdf