Shahed UniversityDaneshvar Medicine2716-972318320100823An insight for using IFN-G, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 biomarkers as surrogate endpoints for skin disorders caused by exposure to mustard gasAn insight for using IFN-G, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 biomarkers as surrogate endpoints for skin disorders caused by exposure to mustard gas181419FAMarjanZareSoghratFaghihzadehToobaGhazanfari0000-0002-1049-7095ShohreJalaeiJournal Article20200926Background and Objective: Here,it is tried to assess an insight behind using IFN-G,IL-2,IL-4,and IL-10 biomarkers as potential surrogate endpoints for skin diseases caused by exposure to mustard gas. Potentially,a biomarker is a valid surrogate if assessment of the treatment effect based on surrogate endpoint leads to the same result based on true clinical endpoint. Materials and Methods: In Sardasht-Iran Cohort study including 328 individuals,235 subjects exposed to mustard gas taken from Sardasht as the exposed group and 93 subjects not exposed to mustard gas taken from Rabat,through comparison of related risk ratios,it is tried to assess whether IFN-G,IL-2,IL-4,and IL-10 biomarkers can be offered as potential surrogates for skin disorders caused by exposure to mustard gas. Results: It was found out that IL-2(at three levels of serum,mitogen and mitogen-nill), IL-10 (at four levels of serum,mitogen,mitogen-nill and nill),and IL-4 (at two levels of mitogen and mitogen-nill) can be used as surrogates,because the survey of no exposure effect of mustard gas based on these biomarkers would led to the same conclusion of the same survey based on existence or non-existence of skin disorders as true clinical endpoint. But IL-4 at serum level and IFN-G at three levels do not have this property. Conclusion: Using IL-2 at three levels, IL-10 at four levels and IL-4 at two levels, the study of no exposure effect of mustard gas on skin disorders can be tested without waiting for skin disorders as the true clinical endpoints.Background and Objective: Here,it is tried to assess an insight behind using IFN-G,IL-2,IL-4,and IL-10 biomarkers as potential surrogate endpoints for skin diseases caused by exposure to mustard gas. Potentially,a biomarker is a valid surrogate if assessment of the treatment effect based on surrogate endpoint leads to the same result based on true clinical endpoint. Materials and Methods: In Sardasht-Iran Cohort study including 328 individuals,235 subjects exposed to mustard gas taken from Sardasht as the exposed group and 93 subjects not exposed to mustard gas taken from Rabat,through comparison of related risk ratios,it is tried to assess whether IFN-G,IL-2,IL-4,and IL-10 biomarkers can be offered as potential surrogates for skin disorders caused by exposure to mustard gas. Results: It was found out that IL-2(at three levels of serum,mitogen and mitogen-nill), IL-10 (at four levels of serum,mitogen,mitogen-nill and nill),and IL-4 (at two levels of mitogen and mitogen-nill) can be used as surrogates,because the survey of no exposure effect of mustard gas based on these biomarkers would led to the same conclusion of the same survey based on existence or non-existence of skin disorders as true clinical endpoint. But IL-4 at serum level and IFN-G at three levels do not have this property. Conclusion: Using IL-2 at three levels, IL-10 at four levels and IL-4 at two levels, the study of no exposure effect of mustard gas on skin disorders can be tested without waiting for skin disorders as the true clinical endpoints.https://daneshvarmed.shahed.ac.ir/article_1419_6b5a890b69b43908237a60032fd0ef44.pdfShahed UniversityDaneshvar Medicine2716-972318320100823Comparison of the results of hierarchical and non-hierarchical clustering of proteins associated with cancers of esophagus, stomach and colon via similarity of gene ontology annotationComparison of the results of hierarchical and non-hierarchical clustering of proteins associated with cancers of esophagus, stomach and colon via similarity of gene ontology annotation17301420FAHamidAlavimajdYaldaZarnegarniaMostafaRezaei TayervaniNasibeKhayerAliakbarKhadem MaaboodiJournal Article20200926Background and Objective: Using proteomic methodologies and advent of high-throughput (HTP) investigation of proteins has created a need for new approaches in bioinformatics analysis of experimental results. Cluster analysis is a suitable statistical procedure that can be useful for analyzing these data sets. Materials and Methods: In this research study, the identified proteins associated with esophagus, stomach and colon cancers were analyzed with the hierarchical and non-hierarchical clustering procedures. Proteins were clustered for three aspects of gene ontology and results were compared. Results: Despite non-substantial silhouette widths for the entire dataset, most of the proteins in each cluster have remarkable biological comm::union::s. According to the results, it was evident that clustering methods can reveal novel annotation patterns within dataset that would not have been identified otherwise. Conclusion: Considering hierarchical and non-hierarchical clustering, results show that the clustering methods have similar results. Maybe we can say because of the introducing representative proteins for each cluster, the partitioning method operating with the greatest nicety while AGNES procedure is simpler. Furthermore, it was clear that the proteins were clustered via their cellular component similarities have also biological and functional similarities which this requires more researchesBackground and Objective: Using proteomic methodologies and advent of high-throughput (HTP) investigation of proteins has created a need for new approaches in bioinformatics analysis of experimental results. Cluster analysis is a suitable statistical procedure that can be useful for analyzing these data sets. Materials and Methods: In this research study, the identified proteins associated with esophagus, stomach and colon cancers were analyzed with the hierarchical and non-hierarchical clustering procedures. Proteins were clustered for three aspects of gene ontology and results were compared. Results: Despite non-substantial silhouette widths for the entire dataset, most of the proteins in each cluster have remarkable biological comm::union::s. According to the results, it was evident that clustering methods can reveal novel annotation patterns within dataset that would not have been identified otherwise. Conclusion: Considering hierarchical and non-hierarchical clustering, results show that the clustering methods have similar results. Maybe we can say because of the introducing representative proteins for each cluster, the partitioning method operating with the greatest nicety while AGNES procedure is simpler. Furthermore, it was clear that the proteins were clustered via their cellular component similarities have also biological and functional similarities which this requires more researcheshttps://daneshvarmed.shahed.ac.ir/article_1420_acb8991e214345088f78074ffc2469bb.pdfShahed UniversityDaneshvar Medicine2716-972318320100823Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of Agnor staining in Odontogenic cysts and ameloblastomaQualitative and quantitative evaluation of Agnor staining in Odontogenic cysts and ameloblastoma37441421FASafooraSeifiEnsieShafighAyoobAlaeiJournal Article20200926Background and Objective: Ameloblastoma was a benign odontogenic tumor that has more aggressive behavior in comparison to odontogenic cysts. The of aim the present study is quantitative and qualitative evaluation of silver nitrate staining in ameloblastoma and odontogenic cysts and to compare it with their clinical biologic behavior. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cross – sectional study, 60 paraffinized blocks of odontogenic lesions was stained with Agnor. Then for quantitative evaluation, 100 cells with (×100) were counted and their average was considered as NORs count. From qualitative aspect NORs are devided into normal (round- eliptical) to abnormal (large- cluster - bean shap). The results were analyzed statistically by T- Test and ANOVA. Results: NORs count in ameloblastoma was 2.7± 7.26, in unicystic ameloblastoma 2.5± 7.2, in odontogenic keratocyst 1.8 ± 4.7 and in dentigerous cyst 1.52 ± 2.82. No significance statistical difference was observed in NORs expression between ameloblastoma and unicystic ameloblastoma (P=0.8), But significance statistical difference was observed in NORs expression between ameloblastoma and unicystic ameloblastoma with dentigerous cyst and keratocyst (p < 0.001) (p=0.001). In dentigerous cyst NORs arrangement was normal and intra-nucleous. In keratocyst, NORs were large to bean shape and cluster shapes were seen rearely. Pattern of NORs was seen cluster shape in ameloblastoma and unicystic amelobalstoma. Conclusion: Number of NORs in ameloblastoma is higher than odontogenic cysts. Distribution pattern of NORs in ameloblastoma are different than odontogenic cysts. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of silver nitrat staining reflect aggressive behavior of ameloblastoma than odontogenic cysts.Background and Objective: Ameloblastoma was a benign odontogenic tumor that has more aggressive behavior in comparison to odontogenic cysts. The of aim the present study is quantitative and qualitative evaluation of silver nitrate staining in ameloblastoma and odontogenic cysts and to compare it with their clinical biologic behavior. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cross – sectional study, 60 paraffinized blocks of odontogenic lesions was stained with Agnor. Then for quantitative evaluation, 100 cells with (×100) were counted and their average was considered as NORs count. From qualitative aspect NORs are devided into normal (round- eliptical) to abnormal (large- cluster - bean shap). The results were analyzed statistically by T- Test and ANOVA. Results: NORs count in ameloblastoma was 2.7± 7.26, in unicystic ameloblastoma 2.5± 7.2, in odontogenic keratocyst 1.8 ± 4.7 and in dentigerous cyst 1.52 ± 2.82. No significance statistical difference was observed in NORs expression between ameloblastoma and unicystic ameloblastoma (P=0.8), But significance statistical difference was observed in NORs expression between ameloblastoma and unicystic ameloblastoma with dentigerous cyst and keratocyst (p < 0.001) (p=0.001). In dentigerous cyst NORs arrangement was normal and intra-nucleous. In keratocyst, NORs were large to bean shape and cluster shapes were seen rearely. Pattern of NORs was seen cluster shape in ameloblastoma and unicystic amelobalstoma. Conclusion: Number of NORs in ameloblastoma is higher than odontogenic cysts. Distribution pattern of NORs in ameloblastoma are different than odontogenic cysts. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of silver nitrat staining reflect aggressive behavior of ameloblastoma than odontogenic cysts.https://daneshvarmed.shahed.ac.ir/article_1421_c23fadeefbc3736960f45f784acae91f.pdfShahed UniversityDaneshvar Medicine2716-972318320100823The effect of educational program on knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers referred to Arak Health Centers for prevention of febrile convulsion in childrenThe effect of educational program on knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers referred to Arak Health Centers for prevention of febrile convulsion in children51581422FAMahboobeSajadi HazaveMohsenShamsi0000-0003-4033-8041Journal Article20200926Background and Objective: Since the role of mother is important in controlling febrile convulsion and its concern nature, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of educational program on knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers in prevention of febrile convulsion in children. Materials and Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental one that carried out on 100 women referred to Arak health centers. The subjects were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (each consisting of 50 women). Before intervention, data were collected for both groups using the questionnaire, then intervention was done for 1 month in 4 sessions and after intervention, two follow-up sessions were hold and finally after 3 months, data were recollected and analyzed. Results: The obtained findings showed that before educational intervention, knowledge about febrile seizure in children was less than medium. Also, mothers performed poorly in the prevention of febrile convulsion. After the educational intervention, there was a higher knowledge and attitude in mothers to prevent febrile convulsion and their correct performance increased. Conclusion: If knowledge and attitude be higher, women performance about prevention of febrile children also increases. Therefore, it is proposed to have educational program in other health centers for promotion of children' health.Background and Objective: Since the role of mother is important in controlling febrile convulsion and its concern nature, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of educational program on knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers in prevention of febrile convulsion in children. Materials and Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental one that carried out on 100 women referred to Arak health centers. The subjects were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (each consisting of 50 women). Before intervention, data were collected for both groups using the questionnaire, then intervention was done for 1 month in 4 sessions and after intervention, two follow-up sessions were hold and finally after 3 months, data were recollected and analyzed. Results: The obtained findings showed that before educational intervention, knowledge about febrile seizure in children was less than medium. Also, mothers performed poorly in the prevention of febrile convulsion. After the educational intervention, there was a higher knowledge and attitude in mothers to prevent febrile convulsion and their correct performance increased. Conclusion: If knowledge and attitude be higher, women performance about prevention of febrile children also increases. Therefore, it is proposed to have educational program in other health centers for promotion of children' health.https://daneshvarmed.shahed.ac.ir/article_1422_00d0b61e444f36228623ebf44c94115e.pdfShahed UniversityDaneshvar Medicine2716-972318320100823Depression and related factors in patients undergoing conventional maintenance hemodialysisDepression and related factors in patients undergoing conventional maintenance hemodialysis59661423FARezaAfsharGholamhosseinGhaediSuzanSanaviAliDavati0000-0000-0000-0000AhmadaliRajabpourJournal Article20200926Background and Objective: Psychological disorders, particularly depression are common in chronic renal failure and patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). These disorders have important influences on quality of life and increased mortality rate. This study was performed to evaluate the frequency of depression and its related factors among HD patients within two dialysis units. Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of 120 patients on conventional maintenance hemodialysis who filled Beck questionnaires in order to depression screening. Data were collected by questionnaire, medical history and laboratory exams. The SPSS software (version 16) was used for data analysis and Chi square and Spearman’s tests were applied. Results: Frequency of depression among study population was 70%, so that 26.7% of them suffered from severe depression. There was no correlation between age, gender, underlying disease, HD duration, history of renal transplantation, anemia, marriage status, occupation, serum albumin level and depression (p>0.05). Frequency of HD sessions per week and dialysis adequacy (Kt/V) significantly correlated with depression severity (p=0.01 and p=0.04 respectively). Conclusion: With regard to high prevalence of depression among HD patients, depression screening seems necessary in this population. Early diagnosis and treatment of depression could improve patients’ quality of life.Background and Objective: Psychological disorders, particularly depression are common in chronic renal failure and patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). These disorders have important influences on quality of life and increased mortality rate. This study was performed to evaluate the frequency of depression and its related factors among HD patients within two dialysis units. Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of 120 patients on conventional maintenance hemodialysis who filled Beck questionnaires in order to depression screening. Data were collected by questionnaire, medical history and laboratory exams. The SPSS software (version 16) was used for data analysis and Chi square and Spearman’s tests were applied. Results: Frequency of depression among study population was 70%, so that 26.7% of them suffered from severe depression. There was no correlation between age, gender, underlying disease, HD duration, history of renal transplantation, anemia, marriage status, occupation, serum albumin level and depression (p>0.05). Frequency of HD sessions per week and dialysis adequacy (Kt/V) significantly correlated with depression severity (p=0.01 and p=0.04 respectively). Conclusion: With regard to high prevalence of depression among HD patients, depression screening seems necessary in this population. Early diagnosis and treatment of depression could improve patients’ quality of life.https://daneshvarmed.shahed.ac.ir/article_1423_981daae03c884fdcee699ec92e512847.pdfShahed UniversityDaneshvar Medicine2716-972318320100823Present Views about induced abortionPresent Views about induced abortion67841424FANafisehZafarghandiMaryamKaloutiNedaZare NejadJournal Article20200926Background and objective: There are different views in various religions and moral bases about elective or induced abortion. Elective abortion has always been condemned by religions and ethics although in some cases they have issued permission. Methods: Valued references as Qran, Hadith books, and other important books have been referred and different papers about abortion in various religions are issued. Results: When various views are studied, three different aspects are concluded.1- Absolute freedom: The theory of believing in mothers right to decided on abortion.2- Absolute forbidness: The theory of believing in equality of human and fetus.3- Conditional freedom in abortion: Proper excuse and age of fetus. Conclusion: In abortion issue the main parameter are human honor right of living and mother property. Any theory development must be based on these parameters. In Islamic country of Iran specialties in law, religions service and gynecologist must work on different aspects of abortion and therefore open the way for more developed laws. In order to minimize use of medicines and abortion unstrile condition.Background and objective: There are different views in various religions and moral bases about elective or induced abortion. Elective abortion has always been condemned by religions and ethics although in some cases they have issued permission. Methods: Valued references as Qran, Hadith books, and other important books have been referred and different papers about abortion in various religions are issued. Results: When various views are studied, three different aspects are concluded.1- Absolute freedom: The theory of believing in mothers right to decided on abortion.2- Absolute forbidness: The theory of believing in equality of human and fetus.3- Conditional freedom in abortion: Proper excuse and age of fetus. Conclusion: In abortion issue the main parameter are human honor right of living and mother property. Any theory development must be based on these parameters. In Islamic country of Iran specialties in law, religions service and gynecologist must work on different aspects of abortion and therefore open the way for more developed laws. In order to minimize use of medicines and abortion unstrile condition.https://daneshvarmed.shahed.ac.ir/article_1424_1ceaf39a26d745e4511c5c2120fbf4aa.pdf