Shahed UniversityDaneshvar Medicine2716-972316420091023Prevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii infection in Single Women Referring to Kashan Health Centers (2007-2008)Prevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii infection in Single Women Referring to Kashan Health Centers (2007-2008)7121331FAMohsenArbabiHamide SadatFarzadfarHosseinHoushyarJournal Article20200926 Background and Objective: Toxoplasmosis is a widespread disease world wide. The infection may be serious if is transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy. Prophylactic measures, early detection of the infection and treatment can prevent congenital toxoplasmosis and many long-term effects. This study was corried out among single women referring to Kashan health center in (2007-2008.) Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study on 400 single women (age 14-35) was conducted by IFAT. Information related to age, job, diet, history of contact to cat and clinical findings were recorded. The results were analyzed descriptive methods. GMRT for total population and infected individuals was computed. Results: The total prevalence of infection was 20.5% (C.I = 20.5±3.84) in single women.The highest percentage of the infection (41.5%) prevailed among 19-23 years old. Among positive antibody individuals 83% were in titer 1/20 and 1.2% were in titer 1/800. 96.4% of them had positive IgG, while 3.6% had positive IgM. There was a significant difference between the positive antibody and raw meat, unhealthy water and job (P < 0.05). GMRT for infected females was 1/30. Moreover, RF reaction in seropositive cases was negative. Conclusion: The findings, of this study pointed to the fact that antibody toxoplasma level was low in the investigated region. Therefore, attention should be paid to the spread of disease, particularly espcially to seronegative females. Preventive and control measures especially basic hygienic educational programs are required in order to reduce the rate of disease. Background and Objective: Toxoplasmosis is a widespread disease world wide. The infection may be serious if is transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy. Prophylactic measures, early detection of the infection and treatment can prevent congenital toxoplasmosis and many long-term effects. This study was corried out among single women referring to Kashan health center in (2007-2008.) Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study on 400 single women (age 14-35) was conducted by IFAT. Information related to age, job, diet, history of contact to cat and clinical findings were recorded. The results were analyzed descriptive methods. GMRT for total population and infected individuals was computed. Results: The total prevalence of infection was 20.5% (C.I = 20.5±3.84) in single women.The highest percentage of the infection (41.5%) prevailed among 19-23 years old. Among positive antibody individuals 83% were in titer 1/20 and 1.2% were in titer 1/800. 96.4% of them had positive IgG, while 3.6% had positive IgM. There was a significant difference between the positive antibody and raw meat, unhealthy water and job (P < 0.05). GMRT for infected females was 1/30. Moreover, RF reaction in seropositive cases was negative. Conclusion: The findings, of this study pointed to the fact that antibody toxoplasma level was low in the investigated region. Therefore, attention should be paid to the spread of disease, particularly espcially to seronegative females. Preventive and control measures especially basic hygienic educational programs are required in order to reduce the rate of disease.https://daneshvarmed.shahed.ac.ir/article_1331_688424d83e1c26b5241edc335f48981b.pdfShahed UniversityDaneshvar Medicine2716-972316420091023Acute Toxicity Effect of Diazinon on Antioxidant System and Lipid Peroxidation in Kidney Tissues of RatsAcute Toxicity Effect of Diazinon on Antioxidant System and Lipid Peroxidation in Kidney Tissues of Rats35421332FAMaryamAbbasnejadMahvashJafariAlirezaAsgariRezaHajihosseiniMansureHajighalamaliMaryamSalehiMohammadSalimianJournal Article20200926 Background and Objective: Diazinon is one of the most widely used organophosphates (OPs) in agriculture. Toxic effects of diazinon are due to the inhibition of acetylcolinesterase, an enzyme needed for proper nervous system function. Investigates show that different classes of OPs may induce the production of free radicals and in cause disturbance in body antioxidant systems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of diazinon on oxidant-antioxidant system in the kidney of rat. Materials and Methods: Wistar male rats were randomly divided into four groups including: control (corn oil as diazinon solvent) and three groups of diazinon receiving different doeses (30, 50 and 100 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection. 24 hours after injection, the rats to ether anesthesia and the kidney tissue was removed. The hemogenation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined through biochemical methods. Results: The enhanced activities of CAT and SOD at doses higher than 30 mg/kg diazinon, and the increased MDA level at 100 mg/kg dose were observed whereas, the GSH level was significantly decreased comparing to the control group.No significant changes were observed with regard to GST and LDH activities. Conclusion: Diazinon induces the production of free radicals and oxidative stress. The enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes and depleted GSH content is indicative of oxidative tissue injury. Background and Objective: Diazinon is one of the most widely used organophosphates (OPs) in agriculture. Toxic effects of diazinon are due to the inhibition of acetylcolinesterase, an enzyme needed for proper nervous system function. Investigates show that different classes of OPs may induce the production of free radicals and in cause disturbance in body antioxidant systems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of diazinon on oxidant-antioxidant system in the kidney of rat. Materials and Methods: Wistar male rats were randomly divided into four groups including: control (corn oil as diazinon solvent) and three groups of diazinon receiving different doeses (30, 50 and 100 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection. 24 hours after injection, the rats to ether anesthesia and the kidney tissue was removed. The hemogenation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined through biochemical methods. Results: The enhanced activities of CAT and SOD at doses higher than 30 mg/kg diazinon, and the increased MDA level at 100 mg/kg dose were observed whereas, the GSH level was significantly decreased comparing to the control group.No significant changes were observed with regard to GST and LDH activities. Conclusion: Diazinon induces the production of free radicals and oxidative stress. The enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes and depleted GSH content is indicative of oxidative tissue injury.https://daneshvarmed.shahed.ac.ir/article_1332_303388dca01b87b9a11e50ba446d8e80.pdfShahed UniversityDaneshvar Medicine2716-972316420091023An Investigation of endotracheal Tube cuff PressureAn Investigation of endotracheal Tube cuff Pressure43481333FASeyed Ali JavadMousaviMohammadNiakan LahijiFarshadAkhovatianOmidMoradi MoghadamMohammad AminValizade HassanloueiJournal Article20200926 Background and Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the endotracheal tube cuff (ETT) pressure in the intensive care unit (ICU) patients, who had been intubated. Meterials and Methods: All patients were placed in ICU during the last three month 2008. The endotracheal tube cuff (ETT) pressure in 308 cases was measured at twice by an expert. A standard manometer was used to measure the cuff pressure and it was calibrated before and after the measurement. Results: The results show indicated that 50% of cases 1 suffered from brain injuries and 63.6% of them were intubated as a result of brain problem. The value of cuff pressure was not standard in 31 cases at both times. In addition, the cuff pressure in 49% of cases was not standard at first, but after correction it decreased to 18.5%.This emphasizes the effectiveness of having supervision over cuff pressure in acceptable regular intervals by treatment team. Conclusion: It is suggested that along with recording the vital signs of the patieut, ETT cuff pressure beingrecorded at appropriate intervals as well. Background and Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the endotracheal tube cuff (ETT) pressure in the intensive care unit (ICU) patients, who had been intubated. Meterials and Methods: All patients were placed in ICU during the last three month 2008. The endotracheal tube cuff (ETT) pressure in 308 cases was measured at twice by an expert. A standard manometer was used to measure the cuff pressure and it was calibrated before and after the measurement. Results: The results show indicated that 50% of cases 1 suffered from brain injuries and 63.6% of them were intubated as a result of brain problem. The value of cuff pressure was not standard in 31 cases at both times. In addition, the cuff pressure in 49% of cases was not standard at first, but after correction it decreased to 18.5%.This emphasizes the effectiveness of having supervision over cuff pressure in acceptable regular intervals by treatment team. Conclusion: It is suggested that along with recording the vital signs of the patieut, ETT cuff pressure beingrecorded at appropriate intervals as well.https://daneshvarmed.shahed.ac.ir/article_1333_ddc12cb1056b018c9ee8e83e5820357a.pdfShahed UniversityDaneshvar Medicine2716-97231642009102367761334FAGholamrezaMaarefiJournal Article20200926https://daneshvarmed.shahed.ac.ir/article_1334_1846f9b45217921eee8c8cb0fa019a96.pdf